THE WOLD ENTRENCHMENTS. 123 



most reasonable, in fact the only, way of accounting- for the finding 

 of the bones of the long-headed people in the round barrows. 

 These dolicho-cephalic heads of the round barrows cannot belong to 

 the later Anglian immigrants, of whom the present population of 

 the wolds is no doubt to a large extent composed, and who have 

 left traces of their early, and probably pre-Christian, places of 

 sepulture in several localities in the district ; and this for more 

 than one reason. In the first place, the heads of the barrows 

 and those of the Anglian cemeteries, though both falling under the 

 general designation of being dolicho-cephalic, possess nevertheless, 

 within that wide limit, other features so characteristic and 

 well-marked, as to demand their separation into two distinct forms 

 of skull, a result which certainly could not occur if both were of the 

 same unaltered stock. Again, the Anglian invaders of the fifth and 

 following century had been possessed of a knowledge of iron 

 for some considerable time previous to that date, and were equipped 

 with a full armament of that metal, as indeed their places of burial 

 most abundantly show. But the long-headed people whose bodies 

 are found in the round barrows, when any weapon or implement 

 has been discovered with them, are seen to have been provided with 

 nothing beyond those made of stone or bronze, identical with such 

 as are discovered in association with the round-headed occupants of 

 the same grave-mounds. The pottery also, so very well defined in 

 its character, is quite distinct in shape, material, and ornamentation 

 from that of the Anglian cemeteries, whilst it is precisely the same 

 in all respects with that which is found with round-headed people 

 in the barrows. It is true that Angles have sometimes made use of 

 the earlier British barrows in which to inter their own dead ; but 

 when that has been the case, there is not the least difficulty in 

 distinguishing between the burials of the later disturbers of the 

 mound and those of the original occupants ; and it is quite 

 impossible that any confusion between the two distinct classes of 

 interments could occur in the mind of any one to whom the facts 

 incidental to barrow burial are familiar. 



The extensive series of defensive works, commencing near 

 Flamborough and extending over the whole of the wold district, 

 has a very important bearing upon the question of the occupation 

 of this part of England. These lines of fortification, so far as the 

 North-eastern portion of them is concerned, have been very 

 carefully surveyed by Colonel A. Lane Fox, F.S.A. His opinion 

 is that these earthworks and their arrangement for defensive 



