128 INTRODUCTION. 



bones are by no means prominent, nor, as a rule, are the supraciliary 

 ridges so much or so early developed as in the round-headed skull, 

 both of which would make the face soft in its expression. The 

 forehead is of an average height and breadth, rather higher than 

 broad however in its general proportions. The head is long, 

 as indeed the term given to it implies, and has the parietal 

 bosses quite rounded off. The occipital region of the skull is 

 prolonged in a marked degree, and adds much to the lengthened 

 appearance of the head. Taken as a whole, it may be said that 

 regularity and smoothness of outline is the main characteiistic ; 

 and that those prominences are wanting which must have given 

 such a harshness of feature to the brachy-cephalic head. 



This differs, in almost every particular, from that just described. 

 The lower jaw is massive, and in a certain degree square at the 

 chin. The malar bones are prominent; and the supraciliary 

 ridges strongly and early marked ; thus affording, in the rugged 

 and fierce expression which the face must have presented, a strong 

 contrast to the pleasing appearance of the other people. The 

 forehead is broad, though not low. The head is remarkably short 

 and square. The occiput is so much flattened as to have suggested 

 to some that it is due to an artificial process, such as the habit of 

 placing the infant with its head resting at the back against a 

 board or some other contrivance ; or to the child having been 

 carried for long during the period of infancy. 



The skull of both types is capacious, and the different parts 

 are well balanced ; nor is there anything in it to lead to the belief 

 that either people was wanting in mental power. 



The identity of skull-form, as well as of weapons, implements, 

 ornaments, and pottery discovered in various parts of Britain has 

 been already briefly alluded to, but it may be well to discuss this 

 subject a little more fully. Notwithstanding the abundance of 

 long-headed skulls in the round barrows of the wolds, it may 

 nevertheless be affirmed that the characteristic form there, and 

 which associates itself with that class of barrows very markedly, 

 is the round one. Throughout all the rest of Britain, and in 

 Ireland so far as we know anything of the skulls found in the 

 barrows of that country, which however is very little, the 

 brachy-cephalic head, as has already been stated, is emphatically 

 that of the round barrows. The pottery shows an equal identity, 

 for, though there are many and varied patterns of vessels in 

 different districts, yet in their main features, of fabric, shape, and 



