208 YORKSHIRE. EAST RIDING. 



Under the head were two chalk stones set on edge, and there were 

 some hones of a pig near the body. In the material of the mound 

 were some flint chippings and two sherds of pottery. 



PARISH OF COWLAM. Orel. Map. xciv. N.W. 



The group of barrows now to be described was situated about 

 two miles to the south of that one last under notice, and contained 

 certainly two, and probably four, grave-mounds, which proved to 

 belong to a period considerably later than those which have been 

 already dealt with. I mean that of the Early Iron Age. These 

 barrows are of the same date, approximately, and produced articles 

 of precisely the same character as a very remarkable series at 

 Arras and Hessleskew, on the south range of the wolds, which were 

 opened by the late Rev. Edward W. Stillingfleet and others, in the 

 years 1816 and 1817 \ 



I will first describe the four barrows just adverted to, all of 

 which I believe belong to the early time of iron, although, from the 

 circumstance that no associated objects were discovered together 

 with the buried bodies in two of the barrows, I cannot positively 

 affirm that all four can certainly be attributed to that period. 



L. The first was 22 ft. in diameter, 2 ft. high, and made up of 

 chalk-rubble. At the centre, and placed on the natural surface, was 

 the body of an aged woman, laid upon the left side, with the head 

 to N.E., and the hands up to the face. On the wrist of the right 

 arm was a bronze armlet [fig. 110], and near the chin a bronze fibula, 

 with an iron pin [fig. 111]. At the neck were seventy glass beads 

 of a deep blue colour, and, except in one' instance, having a zigzag 

 pattern in white. The bead excepted, which also was the largest, 

 has a series of annulets round it, which had been of white glass, 

 still perceptible though the glass has almost entirely gone to decay 

 [fig. 112]. Several beads of exactly similar fashion, both as to the 

 zigzag pattern and the encircling line of annulets, were found at 

 Arras 2 . The pin of the fibula had originally been of bronze, this 



1 The articles found in the barrows at Arras, and which fell to the share of the Rev. 

 E. W. Stillingfleet, are now, by his gift, in the York Museum. A short account of 

 the opening of this very extensive and valuable group of barrows will be found in the 

 Proceedings of the York Meeting of the Arch. Inst., p. 26, and in Crania Brit., pi. 7. 



2 Very similar beads have occurred in the cemetery at Hallstatt, which belongs to 

 the early time of iron. Von Sacken, Grabfeld von Hallstatt, pi. xvii. figs. 32, 37. 

 They have also been found in a cemetery at Marzabotto. Gozzadini, pi. xv. fig. 13. 



