PARISH OF COWLAM. 213 



as will be seen in other parts of this volume where the subject is 

 more fully discussed. This long-headed race appears to have been 

 intruded upon and conquered by a round-headed one, probably 

 possessing 1 a knowledge of bronze, to which in part may have been 

 due the success of their invasion. That these conquerors did not 

 extirpate the long-headed people is evident from the abundant 

 remains of the latter found in the barrows of the time of bronze ; 

 and it would appear that ultimately the two races became so mixed 

 up and connected as to form one people. If this was the case, by a 

 natural process the more numerous race would in the end absorb the 

 other, until at length, with some exceptions to be accounted for by 

 well-known laws, the whole population would become one, not only 

 in the accidents of civilisation and government, but practically in 

 blood also. In this way it appears to me that we may account for 

 the skull type of the Early Iron Age without the necessity of 

 requiring any immigration into Britain or its conquest after the 

 time of the presumed occupation by the bronze-using round-headed 

 people already referred to. It may well have happened that a more 

 numerous population was conquered by a smaller body of better- 

 armed invaders, but that in course of time the former absorbed the 

 latter, so that at last they became the sole inhabitants of the country, 

 and thus, without any fresh invasion of a long-headed race, we may 

 have Britain again in the Early Iron Age occupied by a people who, 

 so far as the form of head is concerned, seem to represent the 

 earlier if not the original possessors of the land. 



LIV. The next barrow, which was placed closely adjoining the 

 three first of the group just described, but which I assign to an 

 earlier date, was 50 ft. in diameter, 2J ft. high, and made of earth 

 and chalk. At the centre, laid on the right side, upon the natural 

 surface, was the body, probably of a woman past the middle period 

 of life, the head of which was to S.S.W.; the right hand being 

 under the head, the left arm extended down the side, and the hand 

 on the hips. At the feet was much charcoal. In the substance of 

 the mound there were a few flint chippings, a great many potsherds, 

 and a single bone of goat or sheep. 



LV. This barrow was one of a small group of three, the largest 

 of which still remains unopened, on account of its being planted 

 with trees. They are situated not quite a quarter of a mile to the 

 south of the five last mentioned. The first one opened was 46 ft. 



