LONG BARROWS. 541 



barrow skulls, which here find a parallel in Eskimo crania. When 

 a series of such lower jaws as these is placed together opposite a 

 series from round barrows, or from modern sources, a most in- 

 structive contrast is formed for the observer, who might sum up his 

 generalisations by saying that though some one or more of what are 

 usually considered to be marks of degradation in the conformation 

 of a lower jaw may be absent, some one or more will invariably, 

 or all but invariably, be present in a 'priscan' lower jaw, and in 

 such a degree or in such number as to enable us to recognise it as 

 such ; and that those marks of degradation will as rarely be found 

 combined in the lower jaw of any one recent savage race, but that 

 they will be found scattered and distributed amongst several such 

 races, who cannot be supposed to be much more nearly connected 

 by blood than they are in space.] 



Two other long barrows, so far at least as their shape is con- 

 cerned, remain to be described ; but as their contents did not pre- 

 sent any features characteristic of this class of sepulchral mounds, 

 beyond the shape, I have thought it best to defer an account of 

 them until I have made some general remarks upon the subject of 

 long barrows, and the manner of burial found to prevail in them. 



There are several questions connected with these Yorkshire and 

 other long barrows just described which merit special considera- 

 tion ; and it may help us to an easier and more advantageous 

 speculation about them, if we call to mind and compare the results 

 of the examination of similarly-shaped burial mounds in other 

 districts of Britain. There is one point of difference*, already 

 noticed, between the Northern and the South-western long barrows, 

 regarded in the aggregate, which must be mentioned at the out- 

 set ; and at the first glance it might seem, from this very im- 

 portant dissimilarity, that they must belong, in the two localities, 

 to different ages, if not to distinct peoples, or even races. I think, 

 however, that the remarkable features which they so evidently 

 possess in common, may go further to indicate identity of time 

 and people than the single point of difference does towards sug- 

 gesting absence of contemporaneity or diversity of race. The dis- 

 similarity I refer to consists in this : that in the barrows just 

 described as opened by Professor Rolleston and myself in York- 

 shire and Cumberland, as well as in the two cases on Sherburn 

 Wold and near Helperthorpe (p. 480 n.), the bones (with one ex- 

 ception, on Kepwick Moor [No. ccxxvii]) evidently were in- 



