DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES OF SKULLS. 601 



they both are what Dr. Barnard Davis has said one of them, viz. 

 the Tosson skull, is, ' of the typical series of ancient British crania,' 

 and of the typical series, I should add, of the Bound Barrow or 

 Bronze Period. As an individual peculiarity in the Castle Carrock 

 skull not observed among the other brachy-cephalic skulls here 

 figured, may be noted 1 the fact that when placed without its lower 

 jaw, but with the grinding surface of its upper molar teeth upon 

 a horizontal surface, it touches that surface posteriorly, not with its 

 conceptacula cerebelli, but with its occipital condyles. This is mainly 

 due to the downgrowth of these processes, but also in part to the 

 upward slant of the cerebellar fossse, a point more common in 

 brachy-cephalic than in other crania, and not indicative of deficient 

 cranial curvature when coupled, as in this case, with a vertical 

 forehead. 



This skull and the five here described before it are all alike 

 brachy-cephalic by contour as well as by mere measurement. In 

 all of them, with the exception of ' Rudstone, Ixiii. 9,' the ' vertical 

 height' is greater than or at least equal to the ' extreme breadth;' in 

 all of them the posterior part of the parietal bones curves downwards 

 more or less vertically, making thus the distance between the plane 

 of the parietal tubera and that of the back of the head shorter than 

 it is in dolicho-cephalic skulls and throwing the foramina emissaria 

 entirely on to the back aspect of the cranium. In none of them, 

 whether young or old, is either the coronal or the lambdoid suture 

 entirely obliterated, showing that the form of the skull in them, as 

 we shall hereafter see it is also in the dolicho-cephalic variety, is 

 dependent upon that of the brain and not upon any synostosis. 



With this skull, undoubtedly the oldest of those as yet described, 

 the series of brachy-cephalic skulls here figured ends ; in the 

 arrangement of the dolicho-cephalic series, next to be entered upon, 

 similar regard has been had to age; and the first skull of that 

 series, ' Langton Wold, ii. 1,' differs from the skull * Castle Carrock ' 

 in the matter of age as much as in any other of its distinctive 

 peculiarities. 



1 See Ecker, Archiv fur Anthropologie, iv. p. 301, cit. p. 567 supra. 



