UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 631 



once called the { Cimbric ' Peninsula l ; and, secondly, because, as I 

 have elsewhere pointed out 2 , there are other reasons for thinking- 



1 Dr. Beddoe, Mem. Anth. Soc. vol. iii, and Handelman und Pansch, Moorleichen- 

 funde, p. 26. The skull-form of the Danes was eminently brachy-cephalic 800 years 

 ago also, if we may judge from the skulls of Flambard and some other distinguished 

 ecclesiastics of the early Norman period in this country. These skulls were exhumed, 

 and, after being measured by me, reinterred in the course of certain excavations 

 close to the cathedral in Durham in 1874. The skulls of the Anglo-Saxon interments 

 disturbed in these excavations were of the dolicho-cephalic type usual in that race. 



2 See British Association Report for 1875, Bristol Meeting, pp. 148-149, where it is 

 suggested that in addition to the a priori probability which the fact of so many 

 immigrations from Denmark into Great Britain having taken place in the way of 

 invasions in historic times lends to such a view, we have some more definite likeli- 

 hood given to it by the discovery in Yorkshire of monoxylic coffins with similar 

 contents and fashion to those found in South Jutland ; and by the existence in the 

 same country of earth-works, which remind us of the ' castra ac spatia ' of the Cimbri 

 in their native land (Tacit. Germ. 37), but which have been shown by Colonel Lane 

 Fox to have been thrown up by invaders advancing inland from the sea. I was not 

 aware when I made these suggestions that Munch in his ' Det Norske Folks Historic/ 

 p. 11, German translation by Claussen, 1853, had drawn an argument for the same 

 suggestion from the words of Ammianus Marcellinus, xv. 9, relating to one of the 

 ' Cimbric Deluges/ taken in connexion with the well-known words of the Welsh 

 Triad, 4. p. 57, cit. Sharon Turner, History of the Anglo-Saxons, vol. i. book i. chap, 

 ii. and iii. pp. 32, 42, 48 and 49, 7th ed. 1852, which say that Hu Gadarn ' led the 

 nation of the Cymry first to the isle of Britain ; and from the country of Summer 

 which is called Deffrobani they came ; this is where Constantinople is ; and through 

 the hazy ocean (the German Ocean) they came to the island of Britain/ Whatever 

 may be the value of these words from the Triad, it is of importance to recollect that 

 there are geological reasons for holding that the so-called ' Cimbrian Deluge ' was but 

 one of a series of submersions each of which may have caused an emigration. Sir 

 Charles Lyell has recorded an opinion to this effect in his Principles of Geology, vol. i. 

 pp. 558, 559, citing the traditions recorded by Strabo, vii. 2, and Florus, iii. 3, as to 

 the occurrence of such catastrophes in the Cimbric Peninsula, and in 'extremis Gallise.' 

 Other references to the Cimbric Deluge will be found in Professor Nilsson's Early 

 Inhabitants of Scandinavia, ed. Lubbock, pp. 252-259, in Maack's Das urgeschicht- 

 lich Schleswig-Holstein Lande, Berlin, 1860, also in Koner's Zeitschrif t f iir Erdkundej 

 in Pallmann's Die Cimbern und Teutonen, Berlin, 1870, pp. 27, 28, 32, and Duncker's 

 Origines Germanicse, 1840, p. 99. It may be well here to give the exact words of 

 Ammianus Marcellinus, which, as he is not referred to by Sir Charles Lyell, are not 

 so well known to English readers as they deserve to be. Writing of the Gauls he 

 says, xv. 9. 4, p. 56, ed. Eyssenhardt, Berlin, 1871, ' Drasidae memorant se vera 

 fuisse populi partem indigenam, sed alios quoque ab insulis extimis confluxisse et 

 tractibus transrhenanis, crebritate bellorum et adluvione fervidi maris sedibus suis 

 expulsos.' Munch supposes that two waves of population passed over into Britain 

 from the Continent in prehistoric times, and that the Gael were the earlier and the 

 Cymry were the later in order of invasion. This view, or one closely approximating 

 to it, is the one usually taken by writers on this subject, as for example by the present 

 Bishop of St. David's (Vestiges of the Gael in Gwynedd, p. 48, 1851), and by Niebuhr 

 (History of Rome, vol. ii. Eng. Trans., p. 522 seqq.), Thierry (History of the Norman 

 Conquest, book i), E. Lluyd, and to some extent by Prichard (Phys. Hist. iii. ed. 3, 

 p. 150), cit. in loco; and O'Brien (Preface to Irish Dictionary), referred to by Prichard. 

 Many writers have laid much weight upon the similarity of the names Cimbri and 

 Kymry as an argument for the conclusion that the Kymry came from the Danish 

 peninsula. Miinch, for example, I. c., says, ' Der Name Cimbern oder Cimren fiir die 

 altere Hauptbevolkerung der jutischen Halbinsel bezeichnet diese hinldnglich als 



