UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 635 



The duality of type presented to us by the intermingling- of 

 dolicho-cephali and brachy-cephali in the interments of the bronze 

 period has been continued down to the present day amongst the in- 

 habitants of Wales and some other Celtic localities in forms which, 

 however real, are yet happily compatible with their occupying the 

 same area both in life and after death. The present Bishop of 

 St. David's, in his book, 'Vestiges of the Gael in Gwynedd,' 1851, 

 pp. 72, 73, whilst accepting the usual philological and physiological 

 arguments against the singleness of origin for the entire British 

 population of Wales, adds certain evidence, based upon the differing 

 moral phenomena manifested at the present day by the inhabitants 

 of the Principality in the form of mutual repulsion and dislike, 

 which points in the same direction. For this the reader may be 

 referred to his book. A similar history is given by Professor Broca 

 of the inhabitants of le pays de Leon and le pays de Cornouaille in 

 Brittany (Memoires de la Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris, torn. i. 

 1860, p. 21), and readers of other French writers on Ethnology are 

 abundantly familiar with the question of la dualite gauloise 1 . 



Against calling the brachy-cephalic people of the round barrow 

 and bronze period by the name of the Ligures, a people so much 

 and, probably, so unjustly abused by the ancient Latin writers, 

 arguments of the same general kind as those already brought 

 against calling the dolicho-cephali of the stone age Iberians might 

 be adduced at considerable length. It is however superfluous to do 



1 It may be well to supply evidence from times intermediate in date between the 

 present and the bronze age to show that, whatever proneness the Celtic race and its 

 subdivisions may, as testified to by the two authors just cited, manifest to quarrels 

 and disagreements of a minor kind, they have in practice found it more possible to 

 make such differences compatible with joint occupation of the same country than 

 have some other races. Diodorus Siculus, v. 33, cit. Zeuss, p. 163, writes thus of the 

 formation of the Celtiberian nation : Ovrot yap TO -naXaibv irepl rfjs ^(jupas d\\rj\ots 

 8ia.Tro\ffr](ravTs, of re "Ifirjpes Kal ol K\TOI, Kal fjifroL ravra 8ia\vOevTS KOI TT)I/ \wpav 

 Kotvfj KaToiKrjffavres, en 8e (TTiyanias irpos a\\r)\ovs ffwOffJ-evoi, Sia TT)I/ liripj.iav Tavrrjs 

 trvxov rrjs Trpofftjyopias. AvoTv 8' \Qvwv d\Ki/J,o}v [uxOtVTOJV, K. r. \. 



The words of Skylax, cit. Zeuss, p. 167, respecting the Ligurians and Iberians are 

 similarly to the purpose : 'ATTO dt 'l/3rip<w fyovTCU Aryues real 'Ifirjpfs fjiiyaSes, i*.*XP l 

 irorafjiov 'PoSavov. 



The existence, lastly, of the name Kf^roXiyves, Strabo, 4. p. 203, may seem to show 

 that a fusion was effected between the Celts and the Ligurians similar to that which 

 was effected between the Celts and the Iberians. The earlier relations between the 

 Celts and the Ligures are represented in tradition to the following effect in the lines 

 of Avienus, Ora Maritima, v. 432 : 



' Cespitem Ligurum subit 

 Cassum incolarum, namque Celtarum maim 

 Crebrisque dudum proeliis vacuata sunt 

 Liguresque pulsi.' 



