636 



GENERAL REMARKS 



this, as the brachy-cephali for whom the name 'Ligurian' has 

 been proposed of late by the Baron de Belloguet 1 , Herr Holder 2 , 

 M. Leon Vanderkindere 3 , and Professor S. Nicollucci 4 , are short of 

 stature and dark of complexion, whereas the brachy-cephali with 

 whom we have to deal were certainly tall, and all but equally cer- 

 tainly light in hair and complexion. 



The skulls from the earlier British barrows have been stated to 

 be invariably dolicho-cephalic, whilst the skulls from the barrows 

 of the bronze period, though in some cases exclusively brachy- 

 cephalic, may belong to either one or other of these two types. The 

 few skulls which I have been able to examine or to read of from 

 interments of what is called the late Celtic period, the period 

 intervening between the close of the bronze age and the establish- 

 ment of the Roman power in this country, have been dolicho- 

 cephalic, a fact which may be explained either by a reference to 

 the well-known persistence with which ' les types autochthones sur- 

 vivent a la domination etrangere et au melange des sangs 5 ,' or, 

 though with less probability, by the hypothesis of a preponderance 

 having been given in this iron age to the still surviving dolicho- 

 cephalic stock in the way of invasions from the continent. The 

 dolicho-cephalic late Celt however differed probably from the 

 dolicho-cephalic inhabitant of these islands in the stone age in 

 being light- instead of dark-haired 6 . See pp. 658, 683 infra. 



1 Ethnogenie Gauloise, cit. Virchow, Archiv fur Anthropologie, vi. p. 107, 1873. 



2 Archiv fur Anthropologie, ii. p. 56, 1867. In his Zusammenstellung der in 

 Wiirttemberg vorkotnmenden Schadelf ormen, 1876, p. 8, Herr Holder has given up the 

 title ' Ligurian/ and replaced it by the titles ' Turanian ' and * Sarmatian.' 



3 Recherches sur 1'Ethnologie de la Belgique, p. 58. The skulls, with a cephalic 

 index of 85, described by Dr. Sasse from South Beveland, Archiv fur Anthro- 

 pologie, vi. p. 76, had a cubical content of 1323 cub. centim. = about 80 cubic inches, 

 as against an average content of 98 cubic inches obtained by Dr. Thurnam from 

 twenty- five British brachy-cephali. Probably this inferiority was correlated with an 

 additional inferiority in the matter of stature. 



* Le stirpe ligure in Italia, Napoli, 1864. 



5 Broca, Me'moires, i. 340, 341. 



6 Broca, Bull. Soc. Anth. Paris, ser. ii. torn. viii. Avril, 1873, p. 319, says that cer- 

 tain districts of modern Brittany, in which the British refugees from the Saxon 

 invasion of the fifth century settled in great numbers, are still distinguished by the 

 tallness, light complexion, and dolicho-cephaly of their inhabitants. He calls this 

 stock ' Kymrique/ in the application of which word I differ from him. Similarly, at 

 least as to the cephalic index, certain interments from the period of transition from 

 bronze to iron described by Kopernicki, cit. Ecker, Archiv fiir Anthropologie, ix. p. 

 118, 1876, as examined by him in South-east Galicia, were found to furnish skulls 

 'exquisite orthognathe dolicho-cephalen ' (C. I. = 73), contrasting strongly with the 

 pronounced brachy-cephalism (C. I. = 81) of the modern Ruthenian inhabitants of that 

 district. 



