644 GENERAL REMARKS 



of large capacity, and we have no reason for doubting 1 that their 

 owners may have been, as men with such foreheads often are 

 now, persons at once of considerable intellectual and of consider- 

 able physical power. It is not easy to understand why in some 

 cases we should find brachy-cephalic skulls with fairly powerful 

 lower jaws maintaining nevertheless the same or nearly the same 

 verticality of forehead which characterised them in childhood 

 and early boyhood. It is obvious however that in cases such 

 as these 1 , the length of the base line of the skull remaining as 

 it does practically the same, or differing by merely the tenth of 

 an inch or so, and the length of the frontal, parietal, and occipital 

 arcs, which make up the cranial vault resting on this base line, 

 remaining also practically constant, the position of the true 

 vertical line of the cranium must, as already mentioned (p. 559 

 note), change its position relatively to the coronal suture. And 

 with this change there must have followed during life a some- 

 what different mode of carriage of the head relatively to the 

 horizon, a difference observable enough in living heads at the 

 present day. 



As regards the characteristics of the facial skeleton, I find my 

 observations upon the brachy-cephali of the East Riding of 

 Yorkshire in entire accordance with those given picturesquely 

 as well as scientifically of the facial characters of the brachy- 

 cephali of the South-west of England by Dr. Thurnam in his 

 papers in the Memoirs of the London Anthropological Society, 

 vols. i and iii, 18651869. Distinctive as must have been the 

 characteristics already pointed out of the living calvaria and 

 its hairy scalp, the characteristics of the living face, from the 

 supraciliary ridges to the chin and transversely from one cheek 

 bone to the other, must have put the men of the round barrow 

 time into even sharper contrast with the surviving descendants 

 of the men of the stone and bone ages. The eyebrows in 

 the powerful men of the later period, if developed at all in cor- 

 respondence with the large underlying frontal sinuses and supra- 

 orbital ridges, must have given a beetling and probably even for- 

 bidding appearance to the upper part of the face, whilst the boldly 

 outstanding and heavy cheek bones must have produced an im- 

 pression of raw and rough strength and ponderosity entirely in 

 keeping with it. Overhung at its root, the nose must have 



1 See Aeby, Schadelformen, p. 127. 



