UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 663 



in equal proportion ; their smaller numbers being correlated with 

 their greater command of means, such as metal and cerealia. 

 I have elsewhere given 1 at length the peculiarities which are 



82 cub. inches, a circumference of 20 inches, and a cephalic index of 83. Such again 

 is the Danish cranium from Moen, a cast of which (No. 5710) may be seen in the 

 Museum of the London College of Surgeons ; and such would appear to be the skulls 

 described by Holder as the female form of his ' Ligurian ' type, Archiv. f iir Anthro- 

 pologie, ii. p. 55. As also the female skulls described by me, Archaeologia, xlii. p. 457. 



1 See Journal Anthrop. Instit. Oct. 1875, vol. v. pp. 124, 125, where I write as 

 follows : 



' By an " ill-filled " skull, Professor Cleland tells us, he means a skull the exterior 

 surface of which is marked by a " mesial and two lateral ridges on the roof, with flat- 

 ness of the adjacent surfaces/' which has " its position of greatest breadth high up 

 upon the parietal bones/ 3 The mesial carina may, I would add, be prolonged in such 

 skulls over the frontal bone, and the frontal tubera may retain their infant-like pro- 

 minence. To these peculiarities I would further add the presence of two depressions 

 on the exterior of the skull, corresponding to convexities on its interior surface, as 

 completing in many ancient and modern savage crania the character of "ill-filledness." 

 One of these depressions is well known as the " post-coronal furrow," but inasmuch as 

 the mesial vertical carina often developed in male skulls may be, and often is, continued 

 along the line of the sagittal suture, so as to divide the so-called " furrow " into two 

 parts, this name is not a happy one. The second of these depressions corresponds to 

 a part of the parietal bone which lies a little above its posterior inferior angle, and 

 immediately, therefore, above the part of the bone which is furrowed internally for 

 the lateral sinuses. As in the former case, an inward growth corresponds to the 

 outwardly visible concavity, so that much such an appearance is produced as we can 

 imagine would have resulted from pinching in the skull walls over this area, had they 

 been plastic. I have been able to demonstrate the rationale of these depressions in the 

 following manner. By removing from a skull, with its brain in situ, the greater part 

 of its roof, but leaving of this structure one antero-posteriorly -running arch of bone, 

 corresponding to the sagittal, and two transversely-running half -arches, corresponding 

 respectively to the half of the coronal and the half of the lambdoid sutures on one 

 side, the exact position of all the main convolutions and fissures of the brain can be 

 shown in their normal relations to these landmarks in the vault of the skull. It will 

 make the matter plainer, and at the same time facilitate the production of similar 

 preparations in other museums, to say that a brain under such surroundings, presents 

 something of the appearance in the skull which a living head does when subjected to 

 measurement in such a cephalometer as that of M. Antelme (see Mem. Soc. Anthrop. 

 de Paris, torn. i. pi. vi. fig. 2). By means of such a preparation it is easy to show 

 that the post-coronal depression in the roof of the skull does not correspond, as 

 supposed by the late Dr. Thurnam (Nat. Hist. Review, April 1, 1865, p. 267), to the 

 fissure of Rolando, but to the deep, often wide, fissure which divides the superior 

 frontal convolution into two well-defined lobes, and abuts upon the ascending frontal 

 convolution by a terminal bifurcation into two arms of considerable length. This 

 fissure, as is well known, exists, and has often been described and figured, in the brains 

 of the anthropomorphous apes, in the crania of which animals the post-coronal 

 depression is sometimes indicated when the sagittal carina is absent. Similarly, the 

 second of the depressions which I have noted as commonly present in the postero- 

 inf erior part of the parietals of " ill-filled " skulls, may be seen to correspond to a 

 certain multi-radiate fissure frequently noticeable on the posterior or convex aspect of 

 the middle tempero-sphenoidal convolution, but as far as I know, not named by any 

 of the numerous writers who have followed Gratiolet in describing the convolutions 

 and fissures of the cerebrum. 



4 Professor Bischoff however, in his well-known paper on " Die Grosshirnwindungen 

 des Menschen" (in the " Abhaudlungen der k. Bayer-Akademie der Wiss." ii. Classe, 



