UPON THE SEEIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 679 



for example, Brittany 1 . Fourthly, and as regards the earlier of 

 the two prehistoric races with which we are dealing, most im- 

 portantly, we have in this country dolicho-cephaly combined with 

 low stature and with dark complexion in a very considerable 

 number of our population, even in districts such as the Midland 

 Counties, where the names of the towns and villages show that 

 the Saxon and Danish conquerors occupied it in for the time 

 entirely overwhelming numbers. The fact of the existence of 

 this stock, or, we may perhaps say, of its survival and its re- 

 assertion of its own distinctive character in the districts of Derby, 

 Stamford, Leicester, and Loughborough, was pointed out in the 

 year 1848 by the late Professor Phillips, at a meeting of the 

 British Association at Swansea (See Report, p. 99). More extended 

 observations, but to the same effect, are put on record by Dr. 

 Beddoe (Mem. Soc. Anth. London, ii. p. 350) in the following 

 words : ' Of twenty-five Englishmen having black or brownish- 

 black hair, the average index of head-breadth is so small as 76' 5, 

 which is the lowest I have met with in any set of men. Eight 

 Welshmen having black hair yielded the same modulus to a 



1 Holder, Zusammenstellung, p. 6, says, ' Aus dieser Zusaminenstellung geht nun 

 mit Sicherheit hervor dass Haare und Augen urn so heller werdem je naher der Index 

 des Germanischen Typus kommt, und desto dunkler je brachycephaler der Scnadel 

 1st. Blaue und graue Augen und blonde oder hellbraune Haare so wohl hier als in 

 Waiblingen haufiger mit hoher Statur vorkommen als dunkle Augen und Haare. 

 Der Hauptmasse der letzteren fallt namlich auf die grossen Classe von 166-176 cm. 

 ( = 65-35"-69'29") ; Zwischen 176 und 182 cm. ( = 69'29"-7l 6") fanden sich nur blaue 

 und graue Augen und der grosste von ihnem mit 182 cm. war blond und blauaugig.' 

 Ecker (Archiv fur Anthropologie, ix. 1877, p. 259) says, writing from Freiburg im 

 Breisgau, ' Die in unserem Lande einst so verbreitete Schadelf orm der Reihengraber die 

 wohl unzweifelhaft auch mit einer bestirnmtere Korperstatur verbunden war, jetzt fast 

 ganz einer anderen Form Platz gemacht hat deren Trager in ihrem ganzem physischer 

 Habitus anders geartet sind als jene es wahrscheinlich waren. Waren jene hoch 

 gewachsen vorherrschend blond so sind diese gedrungener dunkler vom Haar und 

 Augen.' Of the Bretons, Dr. Beddoe (Memoirs Lond. Anth. Society, iii. p. 362) says 

 they are of low stature, being remarkable for this even among the French, that in 

 about three-fourths of the people the hair is very dark, and is about one-fourth coal- 

 black, and that the head is, as Broca had pointed out, short and broad, with the excep- 

 tion of the Le'onois district. Broca, writing of Bretons (see Mem. Soc. Anth. Paris, 

 i. 1859, or Me'moires d' Anthropologie, i. p. 297 ; and Bull. Soc. Anth. Paris, Ser. ii. 

 torn. viii. p. 313, Avril 1873), contrasts the Celtes s. Armoricains, being petits, bruns, 

 brachy-cephales, with the peuples Beiges s. Kymrys, who are grands, blonds, dolicho- 

 cephales. Sir Henry Dry den, Bart., writes to me of the Bretons to the following 

 effect : ' As compared with the English the whole race are brachy-cephalic, but the 

 Breton peasantry much less so than the middle class. The Bretons are taller than 

 the other French. I noticed in the regiments many very short small men, and I 

 think almost all the swarthy men were small. Many were very swarthy. Many of 

 the middle class not Bretons are ludicrously brachy-cephalic, and their necks often 

 thicker than most English besides.' 



