UPON THE SERIES OF PREHISTORIC CRANIA. 711 



the area which it once, however imperfectly, occupied. It must be 

 very difficult to attain to anything* like perfect certainty upon such a 

 point in view on the one side of the tenacity with which so-called 

 ' indigenous ' or c autochthonous ' races retain, in whatever political 

 or social status, a foothold in their c aboriginal' country; and, on the 

 other, of the modifying influence which the introduction of agricul- 

 tural and other improvements may have exercised in the course of 

 many centuries. Without going, however, further into this question, 

 I will say that a comparison of the skulls here dealt with from the 

 stone and bronze periods with those of the mediaeval and modern 

 tenants of these islands, coupled with other considerations and carried 

 on for a considerable number of years, has inclined me to hold that the 

 two prehistoric races, though outnumbered greatly by Anglo-Saxons, 

 are still represented in the population of Great Britain and Ireland. 

 The short-statured, dark-haired, long-headed race which is found 

 not only making up nearly the whole population of large ' Welsh '- 

 speaking districts in Wales itself and in the Highlands of Scotland, 

 but also mixed up, and in very large proportions, with the popula- 

 tion occupying midland-county districts usually held to have been 

 entirely Saxonised and Danicised, as pointed out long ago (see 

 p. 679 supra) by Professor Phillips, we have many reasons for 

 holding to be the lineal descendants of our long-barrow people. In 

 the north of England we find that the neolithic race amalgamated 

 peacefully with the brachy- cephalic stock which taught them the use 

 of bronze; and in the early iron period (see p. 683 supra) the earlier 

 race appears to have regained some of its numerical preponderance, 

 the late Celts from the East Riding and elsewhere north of York- 

 shire having been mostly dolicho-cephalic. The bronze-using race 

 seems, in the southern parts of this country, to have more com- 

 pletely absorbed or destroyed the dolicho-cephalic than it did in the 

 north, resembling in this the dolmen-builders of France, whose pre- 

 dominance brought about an almost entire disappearance of their 

 neolithic and troglodytic predecessors (see Broca, Revue d'Anthro- 

 pologie, ii. pp. 49, 50, iv. p. 608). Still a race with many of the 

 physical peculiarities of the long-barrow people is represented in 

 great abundance in the cemeteries of the centuries during which 

 this country was divided into Roman latifundia and forest-land ; and 

 whatever may have been their social or political status, the dolicho- 

 cephali enjoy in such interments a great numerical superiority as 

 compared with the brachy-cephali. The ' Saxon ' or ' English ' 

 conquerors of this country have been shown (see Archa3ologia, 



