728 APPENDIX. 



larger or smaller fragments of small, often nearly perfect, pots of 

 hard black ware of about the size of a large swan's egg, with the 

 smaller end truncated and flattened and the larger usually provided 

 with a recurved lip for tieing a cover over its contents. Now I have 

 never found any of the various and well-known varieties of Roman 

 funeral ware in a Roman rubbish-heap ; every article of daily life, 

 of the coarsest and of the finest kind, whether in pottery or metal, 

 may be found in such deposits ; but within my experience they 

 never contain anything which was destined for the tomb or could 

 bring to mind the invisas cupressos. It is obvious however that 

 such jars might be supposed to be intended for the cosmetic rather 

 than the culinary needs of the luxurious Romans. But for the 

 purposes indicated .by Horace (Od. iii. 29) and Persius (Sat. iv. 37), 

 for the balanus capillis and the balanatum gausape, finer ware than 

 that of these diminutive amphorae would, I think, have been used, 

 for finer ware is usually present in abundance in such collections, 

 and was, as I have noted, I. c., specially abundant in the case speci- 

 fied; whilst, as was pointed out to me by Mr. Wm. Hatchett Jackson, 

 of the University Museum, small jars of much the same contour, if 

 not of the same paste, are still largely used in the honey trade of 

 Narbonne. The sale of honey was amongst the patnas artes of the 

 Ligurian of the times of Diodorus and Strabo 1 , and fashions and 



1 Diodorus (v. 34) writes thus of the Celtiberians (in the connection already referred 

 to, p. 635 supra) : T/>o$a?s 5e xP"> VTai K P* affi iravro^anois Kal 8ai//i\effi ttal olvoptXiTOS 

 iroftaTi, x o P T ]y o ^ crr ] s T *? s X^P as ro f 1 *^ 1 wa/*7rA.?7#es. It may be an overstraining of the 

 words to suggest that the six last quoted may be considered to indicate that wild rather 

 than hive honey was in the mind of the writer. The words of his contemporary Strabo 

 are in a parallel passage (iv. 6, 2, p. 168, ed. Muller, 1853) to the following effect : 

 Aiyves, favres dno Ope^fj-drcuv TO ir\tov KCU yaXaKTos Kal KpiQivov irofj-aros, Vf^.6p,(:voi rd re 

 irpos Oa\dTTij,xwpia KOI TO irXiov ra oprj . . v\rjv ira/j.iT6\Xr]v vavn^r)aip.ov Kal fJLfya\65fv8pov 

 . . . Kardyovaiv fls TO cjJLiropiov rty Tevovav Kal flpe/u/uara Kal Sep^ara Kal yueAt .... 

 TrAeora^et Se Kal TO \iyyovpiov Trap' avToTs o rives ri\tKpov irpoffayopcvovo'i. 



M. Escher vom Berg, Mittheil. Ant. Gesell. Zurich, Rapp. vi. Pfahlbauten, p. 34, 

 suggests that the straining of honey off the comb may have been the use to which 

 such perforated dishes as that figured by Keller, 1. c., taf . v. fig. 26, p. 270, or ed. Lee, 

 pi. Iii. B, fig. 1. See also D^sor, Le Bel Age du Bronze, p. 12, fig. 22, and Schlie- 

 mann, Trojanische Alterthtimer, tab. 174, fig. 3377. Usually such perforations are 

 held to have been intended for filtering whey off curds, in accordance with the 

 Homeric words, Od. ix. 222, 223 : 



Nctfoi/ 5' bpa> ayyea irdvTa 

 TavXoi TC (TKacpiSts T( TfTvyneva. 



But, as hinted above, p. 705, we may suppose that in such descriptions as this we 

 have traditions of a much earlier period than those we are here concerned with, 

 preserved for us. It is right however to add that Herr Edmund v. Fellenberg, 

 Bericht iiber die Pfahlbauten des Bielersees, S. A. 1875, pp. 55-61, suggests yet 

 another application, that of fumigation, for these vessels. Honey however is so 

 strained in certain Swiss valleys at the present day. 



