748 APPENDIX. 



Alemannian invasion ; the physical characters however of this race 

 were different from those of the Cimbric probably, and certainly 

 from those of the E/oumansch, and of the brachy-cephalic stock 

 (see p. 679 supra) abundant in South Germany at the present day. 



From the phenomena presented by the pottery, by the imple- 

 ments, by the cultivated plants and domesticated animals of pre- 

 historic times in this and other countries, arguments have been 

 drawn in favour of one or other of three theories, which may for 

 the sake of brevity be spoken of as the theory of Immigration with 

 more or less displacement of any population previously in occupa- 

 tion, the theory of Importation without immigration, and the 

 theory called by its supporters the ' Autochthony ' of these products. 

 It may be well here to give references to authorities who have 

 pronounced themselves in favour of one or other of each of these 

 three views. 



In favour of the first theory we may cite Riitimeyer, who (Fauna 

 des Pfahlbauten, pp. 160-162, 1861) speaks of the introduction of 

 bronze as being a ' Wendepunkt der moglicherweise mit dem 

 Auftreten neuer Vblkerstamme in Verbindung stand;' and suggests 

 that the appearance of a new race of domestic dogs at the com- 

 mencement of that period indicates the setting up of intercourse with 

 or replacement by a fresh race of men. In the same sense we find 

 Prof. E. Desor (Le Bel Age du Bronze Lacustre, p. 11, 1874) 

 speaking of the weeds, such as Centaurea cyanus and Silene cretica, 

 which accompany the cerealia of the lake-dwellings as those of 

 modern Switzerland, thus, 'Etrangeres a notre flore comme les 

 cereales ellesmeme elles sont suivi le sort de ces dernieres, et nous 

 sont venues d'Orient, peutetre avec les premiers colons lacustres.' 



Dr. Oswald Heer, however, a botanist of whose investigations 

 Switzerland may justly be proud, in laying these facts before the 

 world, as in Troyon's ' Habitations lacustres,' p. 443, and Keller's 

 * Lake Dwellings,' transl. Lee, p. 344, appears to adhere to the 

 second of the two views above stated ; as indeed Keller himself 

 does (I. c. pp. 56 and 309) in the following words used of another 

 product foreign to Switzerland, namely, nephrit, 'It was not 

 brought by the settlers with them from their earlier abodes, but 

 was acquired by barter in later times, after they had lived for 

 centuries in the lake-dwellings of our country.' In the second 

 of the two passages referred to Keller says distinctly, 'There is 

 no ground for concluding that successive peoples of different races 

 or civilisations have occupied these lake-dwellings, one of which 



