APPENDIX. 749 



has chased the other from its abodes in order to occupy them 

 themselves.' 



In spite of this, however, scientific opinion in Switzerland seems 

 to me to gravitate rather in the direction of the former of these 

 two views. And this I say, though Herr Edmund v. Fellenberg 

 (Bericht, 1. c. p. 15) puts both of them forward without distinctly 

 .indicating to which of the two he inclines. He points out 

 that the two minerals nephrit and jadeit are found only in 

 Central Asia, China, New Zealand, and South America; that 

 only a single unworked block, and that one probably dropped 

 by the importers, has been found in Europe at Schwemmsal in 

 Saxony ; and that the usually sharp and little worn-down imple- 

 ments and weapons made of these two highly resistant minerals 

 are found in somewhat different proportions in different parts of 

 Switzerland, the nephrit- preponderating in the eastern and the 

 jadeit- weapons in the western lake dwellings ; but he sums up 

 the discussion by asking impartially, ' Sollten Einwanderungen von 

 verschiedenen Seiten stattgefunden haben, oder hatten diese Stamme 

 Handelsbeziehungen nach verschiedenen Richtungen hin 1 ?' 



The third view, diametrically opposed to the two first enunciated, 

 was put forward by M. Dupont, with the protection of the honoured 

 name of Steenstrup, at the meeting of the International Anthro- 

 pological Congress at Stockholm in 1874, in the following words 

 (Compte Rendu, p. 821) : 



' Dans la pre*cedente session du Congres, M. Steenstrup a emis 

 1'idee apres avoir examine les collections recueillies dans les 

 cavernes beiges, que nos principales especes domestiques pourraient 

 a la rigueur etre originaires du sol qu'elles habitent et y avoir e'te' 

 directement assujeties par Fhomme. Cette solution est loin d'etre 

 improbable. Elle a ceci de frappant de se trouver en accord avec 

 les principes qui tendent a s'etablir dans 1'anthropologie, et d'apres 

 lesquels les conquetes violentes et les deplacements des peuples 

 auraient joue dans la constitution de nos populations, un role 

 fundamental moins important que celui qu'on avait e'te d'abord 

 porte* a leurs attribuer ; la grande masse des habitants d'un pays 

 etant composee par les tres anciens occupants du sol et non par les 

 envahisseurs. Ces principes ont etc surtout soutenus avec convic- 



1 Mr. H. Cayley's valuable account of his own visit to the old Jade quarries of 

 Ktienlun given in Macmillan's Magazine for October, 1871, appears to have escaped 

 the all but exhaustive research displayed in Dr. Heinrich Fischer's 'Nephrit und 

 Jadeit' already referred to, p. 746. 



