PARMACELLA. 221 



Section EUMILAX, Bottger, 1881. 



A. BRANDTI, Martens. 



An unfigured species, rugose, with blackish-brown back, carina 

 and shield, the sides with oblique black lines, the shield with 

 black spots, central zone of foot white, marginal zones grayish 

 black. Respiratory orifice anterior. Length, 3 inches. 



Caucasus. 



Unfigured Species of Amalia. 



A. KOBELTT, Hesse. Greece. 



A. NIQRICANS, Schultz. Sicily. 



Declared by Lessona and Pollonera to be a doubtful species ; 

 referred by different authors to A. marginata or A. gagates. 



A. ATRATA, Mabille. Portugal. 



A. MONTEROSATI, Bourg. Sicily. 



A. EMARGINATA, Hutton. New Zealand. 



A. NIGRICOLLUS, Tate. Tasmania. 



A. TASMANICA, Tate. Tasmania. 



A. ANTIPODARUM, Gray. New Zealand. 



Genus PARMACELLA, Cuvier, 1805. 



The development of Parmacella is very remarkable. At first 

 the embryo is enclosed in an operculated spiral shell ; then, as it 

 grows larger the mantle is reflected over the margin of the peris- 

 tome, resembling a Vitrina ; subsequent growth of the mantle 

 covers the shell except a small perforation over the nucleus, and 

 the further growth of the shell is secreted from the inner portion 

 of the mantle, forming a plate as in Limax. 



The arrangement of the species is taken from a valuable mono- 

 graphic paper by H. Crosse, published in the Journal de Con- 

 chyliologie, 329, 1880. Mr. Crosse, who kept individuals in 

 confinement for the purpose of studying their habits, states that 

 they are herbivorous and nocturnal, remaining inactive and con- 

 cealed during the day, the anterior portion contracted beneath 

 the mantle. The eggs, thirty-four in number, were oval, covered 

 with a thin pellicle, and four millimetres long. 



