8 



Signoretia luzulde, L. Duf. Two pairs of spiracles are 

 situate on the ventral surface, and a deep semi-cylin- 

 drical channel (fig. 1 cccc in text) extends from them to 

 the outer margin, where there is usually a group of 

 secreting spines, varying from three, as in Lecanium, to 

 an extensive group, as in various species of Ceroplastes. 

 The characteristic anal plates (fig. Id in text) are 

 actually flattened lobes; these organs are highly 

 chitinised, and many, if not all the species, have the 

 power of slightly elevating them to allow of the free 

 passage of the anal ring or orifice, which in most cases, 

 if not all, is a retractile organ, highly developed in such 

 species as Vinsonia stellifera, Westwood (PL LIII, fig. 

 10, extended), and Lecanium perforatum, Newst. (PL 

 LV, fig. 10, retracted). 



MALE. 



The males of Liclitensia (PL XLI, fig. 7), Pulvinaria 

 (PL XL VII, fig. 7), and Lecanium (PL LII, fig. 10, 

 et seq.}, are characterised by the long white caudal 

 filaments ; while the males of Aclerda Berlesii, 

 Buff a, Signoretia luzulde, Sign. (PL XL, fig. 8), and 

 Vinsonia stellifera (PL XLIV, fig. 1), like the males of 

 the Diaspina?, are without these appendages. 



In Ceroplastes ceriferus (1. c.), the only species in the 

 genus of which the male is known, the genital armature 

 has a broad scoop-shaped outer sheath ; while the 

 genitalia in the remaining genera have a long straight 

 sheath, very similar to those of the Diaspinge. 



The number and position of ocelli in the genera 

 Lichtensia (PL XLI, figs. 8, 9), Vinsonia (PL XLIV, 

 figs. 5, 6), and Pulvinaria (PL XL VII, fig. 7 a) are very 

 dissimilar, and might well be considered of generic im- 

 portance; but our knowledge of these organs is so 

 incomplete that it would, I think, be unwise at the 

 present moment to consider them of importance in the 

 classification of these insects. 



According to M. Moniez, the male of Lecanium 



