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takes place in precisely the same manner as before. 

 After this the reticulated markings show clearly 

 (PI. XL VI, fig. 14), and the first trace of sexual dis- 

 tinction begins to appear. Both males and females arc 

 at first identical, but the former eventually assume a 

 more elongate form, and the reticulations become more 

 confluent. These changes give the insect a darker 

 appearance. So soon as the elongated form is attained 

 in the male insect, the puparium is commenced ; at first 

 there is only a faint trace of the carinas (PI. XL VII, 

 fig. 2), but in a few days it is completed (PL XLVII, 

 fig. 3). Under this covering the insect changes to the 

 first pupal stage (PI. XLVII, fig. 5), finally losing the 

 mouth-organs characteristic of all the previous stages. 

 Presumably, therefore, it takes no further nourishment 

 from the food-plant. Towards the end of August the 

 first pupal skin is moulted and pushed out at the anal 

 extremity of the puparium ; the true pupal form is then 

 attained (PL XLVII, fig. 6). About seven days later 

 the white caudal filaments of the male are seen .to pro- 

 ject beyond the puparium ; at first they are short, but 

 in the course of a few days they assume their full 

 length, when the tips of the wings may also be seen pro- 

 jecting beyond the puparium. The first males appear 

 during the second week in September ; they continue to 

 emerge over a period of twenty-one days, the last 

 hatching as late as the second week in October. In 

 confinement the males become very restless, frequently 

 taking a short, rapid flight, which reminds one more of 

 a gigantic leap. When the insect is about to take 

 flight, the long caudal filaments are carried semi-erect, 

 and the wings are spread out and slightly elevated. I 

 did not observe any of the males take to flight out of 

 doors, except when made to do so by disturbing them 

 with a fine-pointed instrument. After fecundation 

 the males die. About the end of September the 

 females effect their third moult, but on this occasion 

 only the ventral skin is cast off at the anal extremity, 

 remaining as a minute, white, shrivelled object on the 



