LECANIUM C1LIATUM. 99 



fifth ; second shortest, with one long hair ; third 

 longest, with two long hairs ; fourth and fifth equal, 

 the fourth with one long hair on the under and one on 

 the upper side ; fifth with one very long hair ; sixth 

 nearly as long as the fourth and fifth, with two long 

 and three or four shorter hairs, the longest arising 

 from the middle of the joint. Tibiae and tarsi of 

 nearly equal length, the former with several hairs, the 

 latter with two long ones. Anal cleft deep. 



The larvae, which appear a month later than those 

 of L. eaprede, are larger than the larvae of any other 

 species of Lecanium which I have seen. 



Habitat. On the common oak (Quercus robur), 

 chiefly on branches of from three to five years' 

 growth. Mr. Douglas (1. c.) says : " In the third week 

 of June in the years 1887, 1888, and 1889, Mr. Gr. G. 

 Bignell, of Stonehouse, Devon, sent on each occasion 

 a single example of this very remarkable scale, they 

 being all he could find on an oak (Quercus robur) in his 

 locality, and as they had some resemblance to 

 Reaumur's fig. 8, pi. vi (Puhrina/ria lanatus, G-mel., 

 Sign.), it seemed possible that they might be that 

 species before the development of the ovisac repre- 

 sented in the figure, and so I have waited for more 

 examples. This year (1890) I requested Mr. New- 

 stead to look for such scales, and on July 26th he 

 obtained several on oaks in Delamere Forest, some of 

 them having eggs within them, proving that they were 

 not Pulvinaria. . . ." Since the above records were 

 published, I have taken numerous examples of the 

 female in various stages, and many male puparia, and 

 have also been fortunate in rearing the perfect male. 

 Besides Delamere Forest I have also found it in other 

 parts of Cheshire, and at Chislehurst, Kent. It is not, 

 however, by any means a common species, and 

 requires a great deal of searching for, as it almost in- 

 variably occurs singly, and often on very large trees. 



Habits. The larvae hatch towards the end of July. 

 At least one moult takes place before winter, and the 



