100 LECANJUM CILIATUM. 



insect grows to some extent before hibernating. In 

 spring (March) the female appears as shown at fig. 9, 

 and is then about 3 mm. long, bearing upon its back 

 the singular square-shaped excrescences, which are 

 composed partly of secretion and partly of the effete 

 skin of the previous moult. The latter is not cast off, 

 but splits or divides into squares, and these, as the 

 insect grows, become more and more widely separated, 

 eventually appearing as indicated. In May another 

 moult takes place, the newly-cast skin carrying with it 

 the marginal fringe, and all the old exuvias and secretion 

 (fig. 8). After the final moult the insect grows some- 

 what rapidly, and, at the period of fecundation, is as 

 represented in fig. 2. 



The males appear in May,* about three days after 

 casting the pupal skin ; but the posterior portion of 

 the puparium is not broken away on the emergence of 

 the male, as stated in my description (1. c.). It remains 

 intact ; therefore my type must have been accidentally 

 broken. All my puparia were found on thick branches. 

 The females are much sought after by birds in spring, 

 and quite 50 per cent, of them are thus destroyed. 



Distribution. Under date 19th November, 1902, 

 Mr. Cockerell writes : "Marchal sends me from France 

 what I recognise as L. ciliatum, Douglas. The antennae 

 are much like prunastri, but the scale (?) is different. 

 In having a broad central boss or scale it resembles the 

 American L. canadense and Imnsasense" I have iio> 

 doubt that Mr. Cockerell' s identification is correct, and 

 if so, it is the only record outside the British Isles. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE. 



PL LII, fig. 1. Insects natural size in situ on portion 

 of oak branch : ? = adult female ; J = male 

 puparium, with caudal filaments projecting at 

 anal extremity. 

 Fig. 2. Female at period of fecundation. X 15. 



* 6th May, 1896. 



