110 LECANIIDI CAPREJE. 



crimson, which after death changes to chestnut-brown, 

 as already described. 



Second-stage female (fig. 8) short ovate, fuscous, 

 with transverse black bands more or less distinct, 

 according to age. Examples may frequently be found 

 bearing patches of the semi-transparent skin of the 

 previous moult. 



Male (fig. 10) pale crimson, with the head, thoracic 

 bands, and apodema crimson-black ; abdomen, legs, 

 and antenna? paler and dusky. Eyes and ocelli black, 

 shining; of the latter there are four dorsal and six 

 ventral. Caudal filaments comparatively short. Halteres 

 pale red, turned back over the thorax when the insect 

 is at rest. Wings rather short, and suddenly widened 

 at base. Stylus nearly as long as the abdomen. 



Puparium of male (fig. 11) normal. 



Long, 2*50 mm. 



Male, second stage. Elongate, with the extremities 

 equally rounded. Colour as in the young female, but 

 the bands are generally less defined. 



Ova pale yellowish- white. 



Larva pinkish at first, but after fixing themselves 

 they change to dull orange-yellow, with faint crimson 

 shadings over the thoracic and cephalic areas ; or 

 dusky greenish, with the crimson more obscure ; or 

 uniformly reddish-brown (fig. 9). 



Habits. The larvae hatch during the latter part of 

 the summer, the first moult taking place before winter. 

 Numbers disport themselves over the leaves of the 

 food-plant (hawthorn), but descend to the branches on 

 which they permanently fix themselves before winter. 

 In winter they are very small, measuring 1*25-2 mm. 

 long, and of a dull brownish colour. In spring they 

 develop the transverse bands (fig. 8), and the sexes 

 may then be separated, the males being much more 

 elongate than the females. After the latter have 

 attained their full size the puparium is formed, when 

 pupation takes place, the males appearing during the 

 last week in April and the first and second week in 



