138 HEMICOCCINJE. 



ventral surface of the abdominal area, and there is no 

 trace of anal lobes. As an amended diagnosis I 

 therefore propose the following : 



Adult females without cleft extremity or anal lobes; 

 anal orifice non-setiferous. Larva witli anal lobes and 

 setiferous anal orifice as in the Dactylopiina3. Includes 

 the genus Kermes only. 



G-ENUS KERMES (Boitard). 



Many of the females in this remarkable genus 

 resemble berries or galls, and one or more species are 

 used in the production of a valuable dye. 



In a popular sense the name Kermes has been used 

 from very early times, but Mr. Cockerell * says that 

 Boitard was the first author who employed the name 

 in scientific nomenclature. The latter includes in his 

 genus Kermes variegatus, Gmelin, K. ilicis, Linn., and 

 K. reniformis, Sign. ( = K. quercus, Linn.), besides 

 species of Lecanium, etc. In K. variegatus, K. ilicis, 

 K. galliformis, Biley, and many others, the form of 

 the female is globular, with a very slight incision for 

 insertion on the branch or stem of the food-plant. 

 K. quercus is usually reniform in shape, but it often 

 bears a striking resemblance to a small grain of maize, 

 both of the rounded and flat varieties. K. gibbosun, 

 Sign., shows a remarkable deviation from the above in 

 having the body formed of several gibbose segments, 

 divided along the back by a deep suture; while K. 

 nivalis, King and Cockerell, resembles a Lecanium, 

 and, like the members of that genus, has a broad base 

 of attachment. Europe and North America are richest 

 in the number of species ; there being about eight 

 species recorded from the former continent, and 

 fifteen from the latter. 



Many of the adult females retain their legs and 

 antennae; in K. variegatus they are -well developed, 



* ' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia/ 1899, p. 269. 



