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under is adequate to a larger amount of money put into the soil 

 in the shape of manure for the next crop. And it is a fact beyond 

 the slightest doubt, that these Vetches do not only produce a far 

 larger bulk, but that, what is a great thing also, they thrive and 

 shoot forth far more rapidly than any other spring Vetches. This 

 is a thing of great importance in a case where f. i. they are to 

 precede some autumn-sowing, after one summer-crop or other has 

 been saved on that particular tract of land. In case such a summer 

 crop through reason of a late season or unfavorable weather 

 during harvest has been brought in rather late, the lapse of 

 time between that harvest and the autumn-sowing will be the 

 shorter for it, and a quick-thriving, high-growing Vetch will soon 

 make good the disavantage of the season. 



The Spring Vetches have no connection with the grasses, except 

 this that as green fodder they help in times, where there is a 

 shortness of grass in the pastures, to provide for a change and 

 a complement to the cattle's and horses' feeding; and that as 

 green manure they are an excellent foregoing crop to the laying 



down of permanent pasture-land. 



* 



Vicia villosu (Sand- or Hairy Vetch or Winter-tare). In connect- 

 ion with winter-rye a useful plant on lighter soil, both as fodder 

 in the green state, or when ripened and chopped or thrashed 

 out as corn for horses, or finally in the latter state ground to 

 meal for cattle; and as green manure to be ploughed under in 

 about the same manner as the spring Vetch. 



Whatever the spring Vetch may be for the heavier richer soil, 

 the Sand-Vetch will do for the lighter sandy ditto. Sown in 

 autumn with winter-rye and destined for green fodder, it comes 

 in rather early in spring and is therefore a most welcome feeding- 

 stuff, especially if the grass in the meadows is on account of 

 lasting winter-weather somewhat late and not plentiful. 



In Holland with its majority of rich heavy soil, there is 

 very little done in the way of Sand Vetches. But in countries like 

 Germany with its lighter soil, France, Great-Britain 

 and Ireland, as well as in the United States with their 

 partly middling soils, great attention is being paid to the growing 

 of the Sand or Hairy Vetch for both feeding- and manuring 

 purposes. 



