HEAD AND ANTERIOR CERVICAL STRUCTURES. 37 



Branches of the second or vertebral portion, 542. 

 Lateral spinal branches. 

 Muscular branches. 



The Ligaments and Joints between the Skull and Spinal Column, and between the 

 Atlas and Axis, 193-200. (201-208) 



The Articulation of the Atlas with the Occiput. 



Class: Diarthrosis. Subdivision : Ginglymo-Arthrodia. 

 Anterior occipito-atlantal ligament. 

 Posterior occipito-atlantal ligament. 

 Capsular ligaments. 



Anterior oblique or lateral occipito-atlantal ligament. 

 Synovial membrane. 

 Arterial supply. 

 Nerve-supply. 

 Movements : Directly lateral. 



Obliquely lateral. 

 The Articulations between the Atlas and Axis. 



j T - . (Class: Diarthrosis. 



The Lateral Atlanto-axoidean Joints. \ c , ,. 



J (Subdivision: Arthrodia. 



r~, r* -, T - . j Class: Diarthrosis. 



The Central Atlanto-axoidean Joint. \ - , ,. - , . , 



J ( Subdivision : Trochoides. 



Anterior atlanto-axoidean ligament. 



Posterior atlanto-axoidean ligament. 

 The Lateral Atlanto-axoidean Joints: 



Capsular ligaments. 



Synovial sac. 

 The Central Atlanto-axoidean Joint : 



Transverse ligament. Crucial ligament. 



Atlanto-odontoid capsular ligament. 



Synovial membranes. 

 Arterial supply. 

 Nerve supply. 

 Movements. 

 The Ligaments uniting the Occiput and Axis. 



Occipito-cervical or cervico-basilar ligament. 

 Lateral occipito-odontoid or check ligaments. 

 Central odontoid or suspensory ligament. 



Dissection of the Pharynx. 



The dissection of the pharynx and the structures of the anterior portion of the skull will now be con- 

 tinued; first examine the cavity of the mouth, and the palate, through the buccal orifice. 



The mouth, 979-80. (958-9) 

 Fauces. 

 Vestibule. 

 Buccal orifice : 



Upper and lower lips : 



Lips. 

 Cheeks. 

 Gums. 



The palate, 980. (959) 

 Hard palate. 

 Soft palate : 

 Uvula. 



Pillars of the fauces : 

 Anterior pillar. 

 Posterior pillar. 

 Tonsillar recess. 

 Isthmus of the fauces. 

 Anterior surface of the soft palate. 



