62 OUTLINES OF ANATOMY. 



The arachnoid, 773 ; Fig. 436. (756) 

 The subarachnoid tissue, 774. (757) 



Remove the arachnoid from a small portion of the cord and expose the pia mater. 



The pia mater, 774. (757) 



Ligamentum denticulatum, 774; Fig. 435. (757) 



External characteristics of the spinal cord, 774-6. (757-9) 



Conus medullaris. Cervical enlargement. 



Lumbar enlargement. Cauda equina. 



Demonstrate the origin of one or two of the spinal nerves. With a pair of strong pliers, cut away the 

 bone and expose them in their passage through the intervertebral foramina ; expose also their termina- 

 tion into anterior and posterior primary divisions. 



The spinal nerves, 822-3-5 ; Fig. 436-7. (803-4-5-6) 

 Anterior roots. 

 Posterior roots. 



Course and direction. Cauda equina. 

 Classification and number. 

 General distribution : 



Posterior primary divisions. 



Anterior primary divisions. 



Remove the spinal cord with its membranes. Review the relations and structure of the membranes 

 and demonstrate the origin of the spinal nerves in the manner indicated, see Dissection, 771-2. (754-5) 

 When the cord is removed, the anterior longitudinal spinal veins can be demonstrated. 



Membranes of the cord and ligamentum denticulatum, 772-3-4. (735-6-7) 

 External characteristics of the spinal cord, 774-6. (757-9) 

 Expose and demonstrate the fissures of the cord. 



Fissures, 776; Fig. 438. (759) 

 Anterior longitudinal fissure. 

 Posterior longitudinal fissure. 



Antero-lateral and postero-lateral fissures or grooves. 

 Columns : 



Anterior. 



Lateral. 



Posterior. 



Make a number of transverse sections to exhibit the internal structure of the cord, Fig. 439. 

 Internal structure of the cord, 776-7-8. (759-60-1) 



The student should read the chapter on The Deep Origin of the Spinal Nerves, pages 778-86. (761-68) 

 The minute structure of the spinal cord and the deep origin of the spinal nerves can be studied to ad- 

 vantage only with specially prepared and mounted sections and with the aid of the microscope. This 

 should be done in the Histological, or Brain Laboratory. 



THE UPPER EXTREMITY. 



Landmarks of the Thoracic Region, Shoulder, and Axilla. 

 Superficial Anatomy of the Thorax, 1134 to 1140. (nit to 1118) 

 Bony points : 



Sterno-clavicular joint. 



Acromio-clavicular joint. 



Ribs. 



The mamma. 



Structures found in an intercostal space. 

 Parts behind the manubrium. 

 Outline of the lungs: 



Their relation to the chest wall. The pleura. 

 Outline of the heart : 



Its relation to the chest wall. 



The valves. 



