46 INTRODUCTION. 



few cells of the Social Organism are all that are given 

 to Sociology to affect. And, in dealing with them, its 

 business is with the forces; the phenomena will 

 take care of themselves. Neither the great forces 

 of Nature, nor the great lines of Nature, change in a 

 day, and however apparently unrelated seem the phe- 

 nomena as we ascend — here animal, there human ; at 

 one time non-moral, at another moral — the lines of 

 progress are the same. Nature, in horizontal section, 

 is broken up into strata which present to the eye of 

 ethical Man the profoundest distinctions in the uni- 

 verse ; but Nature in the vertical section offers no 

 break, or pause, or flaw. To study the first is to study 

 a hundred unrelated sciences, sciences of atoms, sci- 

 ences of cells, sciences of Souls, sciences of Societies ; 

 to study the second is to deal with one science — Evo- 

 lution. Here, on the horizontal section, may be what 

 Geology calls an unconformability ; there is overlap ; 

 changes of climate may be registered from time to 

 time each with its appropriate re-action on the things 

 contained ; upheavals, depressions, denudations, glacia- 

 tions, faults, vary the scene ; higher forms of fossils 

 appear as we ascend ; but the laws of life are con- 

 tinuous throughout, the eternal elements in an ever 

 temporal world. The Struggle for Life, and the 

 Struggle for the Life of Others, in essential nature 

 have never changed. They find new expression in 

 each further sphere, become colored to our eye with 

 different hues, are there the rivalries or the affections 

 of the brute, and here the industrial or the moral 

 conflicts of the race ; but the factors themselves re- 

 main the same, and all life moves in widening spirals 

 round them. Fix in the mind this distinction between 



