132 



THE DA WN OF MIND. 



whether there are any affinities between Mind in Ani- 

 mals and Mind in Man is to compare the one with the 

 other, he began a laborious study of the Animal 

 world. His conclusions are contained in " Animal 

 Intelligence" and "Mental Evolution in Animals " — 

 volumes which no one can read without being con- 

 vinced at least of the thoroughness and fairness of the 

 •investigation. That abundant traces were found of 

 Mind in the lower animals goes without saying. But 

 the range of mental phenomena discovered there may 

 certainly excite surprise. Thus, to consider only one 

 set of phenomena — that of the emotions — all the fol- 

 lowing products of emotional development are repre- 

 sented at one stage or another of animal life : 



Fear 



Surprise 



Affection 



Pugnacity 



Curiosity 



Jealousy 



Anger 



Play 



Sympathy 



Emulation 

 Pride 



Resentment 

 Emotion of the 



Beautiful 

 Grief 

 Hate 

 Cruelty 



Benevolence 

 Revenge 

 Rage 

 Shame 

 Regret 

 Deceitfulness 

 Emotion of the 

 Ludicrous 



But this list is something more than a bare cata- 

 logue of what human emotions exist in the animal 

 world. It is an arranged catalogue, a more or less 

 definite psychological scale. These emotions did not 

 only appear in animals, but they appeared in this 

 order. Now to find out order in Evolution is of first 

 importance. For order of events is history, and Evo- 

 lution is history. In creatures very far down the 



