192 THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. 



movements and you multiply him. Make him do 

 things he has never done before, and he will become 

 what he never was before. Let the earth move round 

 in its orbit till the sun is far away and the winter 

 snows begin to fall. He must either move away, and 

 move away very fast, to find the sun again ; or he must 

 chase, and also very fast, some thick-furred animal, 

 and kill it, and clothe himself with its skin. Thus 

 from a man he has become a hunter, a different kind 

 of a man, a further man. He did not wish to become 

 a hunter; he had to become a hunter. All that he 

 wished was to sit in the sun and be let alone, and but 

 for a Nature around him which would not rest, or let 

 him alone, he would have sat on there till he died. 

 The universe has to be so ordered that that which Man 

 would not have done alone he should be compelled to 

 do. In other words it was necessary to introduce into 

 Nature, and into Human Nature, some such principle 

 as the Struggle for Life. For the first law of Evolu- 

 tion is simply the first law of motion. " Every body 

 continues in a state of rest, or of uniform motion in a 

 straight line, unless it is compelled by impressed forces 

 to change that state." Nature supplied that savage 

 with the impressed forces, with something which he 

 was compelled to respond to. Without that, he would 

 have continued forever as he was. 



Apart from the initial appetite, Hunger, the stimu- 

 lus of Environment — that which necessitates Man to 

 struggle for life — is twofold. The first is inorganic 

 nature, including heat and cold, climate and weather, 

 earth, air, water — the material world. The second is 

 the world of life, comprehending all plants and ani- 

 mals, and especially those animals against whom prim- 



