198 THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. 



the chase, he perceived the value of domestic animals. 

 So Man slowly passed from the animal to the savage, 

 so his mind was tamed, and strengthened, and bright- 

 ened, and heightened; so the sense of power grew 

 strong, and so virtus, which is to say virtue, was 

 born. 



In struggling with Nature, early Man not only 

 found material satisfactions : he found himself. It 

 was this that made him, body, mind, character, and 

 disposition ; and it was this largely that gave to the 

 world different kinds of men, different kinds of bodies, 

 minds, characters, and dispositions. The first moral 

 and intellectual diversifiers of men are to be sought for 

 in geography and geology — in the factors which deter- 

 mine the circumstances in which men severally con- 

 duct their Struggle for Life. If the land had been all 

 the same, the Struggle for Life had been all the same, 

 and if the Struggle for Life had been all the same, life 

 itself had been all the same. But to no two sets of 

 men is the world ever quite the same. The theatre 

 of struggle varies with every degree of latitude, with 

 every change of altitude, with every variation of soil. 

 In most countries three separate regions are found — 

 a maritime region, an agricultural region, a pastoral 

 region. In the first, the belt along the shore, the 

 people are fishermen; in the second, the lowlands 

 and alluvial plains, the people are farmers ; in the 

 third, the highlands and plateaux, they are shepherds. 

 As men are nothing but expressions of their en- 

 vironments, as the kind of life depends on how men 

 get their living, each set of men becomes changed 

 in different ways. The fisherman's life is a pre- 

 carious life ; he becomes hardy, resolute, self-re- 



