THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. 199 



liant. The farmer's life is a settled life ; he becomes 

 tame, he loves home, he feeds on grains and fruits 

 which take the heat out of his blood and make him 

 domestic and quiet. The shepherd is a wanderer ; he 

 is much alone ; the monotonies of grass make him 

 dull and moody ; the mountains awe him : the protec- 

 tor of his flock, he is a man of war. So arise types of 

 men, types of industries ; and by and bye, by exoga- 

 mous marriage, blends of these types, and further 

 blends of infinite variety. " It is so ordered by 

 Nature, that by so striving to live they develop their 

 physical structure; they obtain faint glimmerings of 

 reason ; they think and deliberate ; they become Man. 

 In the same way, the primeval men have no other 

 object than to keep the clan alive. It is so ordered by 

 Nature that in striving to preserve the existence of 

 the clan, they not only acquire the arts of agriculture, 

 domestication, and navigation : they not only discover 

 fire, and its uses in cooking, in war, and in metal- 

 lurgy ; they not only detect the hidden properties of 

 plants, and apply them to save their own lives from 

 disease, and to destroy their enemies in battle ; they 

 not only learn to manipulate Nature and to distribute 

 water by machinery ; but they also, by means of the 

 life-long battle, are developed into moral beings." 1 

 Nature being " everything that is," and Man being in 

 every direction immersed in it and dependent on it, 

 can never escape its continuous discipline. Some en- 

 vironment there must always be; and some change 

 of environment, no matter how minute, there must 

 always be ; and some change, no matter how imper- 

 ceptible, must be always wrought in him. 



1 Winwood Reade, Martyrdom of Man, p. 464. 



