THE DAIRY INDUSTRY 29 



to which each farmer was put in producing his 

 own particular lot of butter left, as a rule, a 

 very small margin for profit. 



Then there was adopted the system of 

 creameries, to which the farmers would take 

 their cream only. This represented a distinct 

 advance, as it effected a saving alike of time and 

 of cost to the farmer ; but the greatest degree 

 of progress began with the perfection of the 

 centrifugal cream separator, which left the 

 farmer to do no more than send his milk to 

 the butter factory, where the cream was taken 

 from it by the separator, and the skim milk 

 given back to him for the feeding of his pigs. 



In other ways, besides, the researches of a 

 number of learned professors had placed the 

 working of the industry on a more scientific 

 basis, thus facilitating operations, reducing ex- 

 penses, and allowing of far better and much 

 more profitable results being obtained than had 

 been the case before. Then, also, the spread of 

 an extremely practical scheme of national 

 education, and especially agricultural education, 

 had prepared the people to take advantage of 

 the coming transformation ; while the system of 

 land tenure in Denmark, which had done so 

 much to encourage both the creation of agri- 

 cultural freeholders and the increase of small 



