1 62 HUNGARY 



free of charge. The revival of viticulture in 

 Hungary, after the phylloxera devastations in 

 the seventies, was mainly due to the action of 

 the State, which encouraged the transformation 

 of 100,000 acres of barren sandy wastes into 

 vineyards with American grapes, and established 

 2,500 acres of nurseries capable of producing 

 (eventually) 50,000,000 vine branches yearly, 

 from 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 other vine stocks 

 being sold, at a moderate price, from the forest 

 vineyards. In the department of horticulture 

 the State possesses thirty-six nurseries, with an 

 area of 940 acres, producing every year 7,000,000 

 shoots and 500,000 grafted stocks ; it has 

 planted 5,600 miles of highways with fruit trees, 

 short courses of lectures on fruit cultivation 

 being given to road surveyors ; and it has estab- 

 lished drying kilns, wine-presses and distilleries 

 to encourage the growers to turn to account the 

 fruit they cannot sell fresh. It has had, for over 

 a century, stud farms for the breeding of horses 

 for army use, and to improve farm stock in 

 general it has established depots where 3,000 

 stallions are kept ; and it has distributed as 

 much as £12,000 in one year in prizes to horse- 

 breeding societies. Altogether it spends about 

 £125,000 a year in the interest of horse-breeding. 

 Village communities will purchase from the 



