1 68 Heredity. 



with a pure pointer bitch, pointers were produced, outwardly re- 

 sembling the pure pointer. Here, then, we have the phenomena 

 of heredity, alternating with atavism, revealing themselves from one 

 generation to another in the mixed nature of the mongrel. 



Facts of the same kind occur in many other domesticated races. 

 P. Lucas tells of a half-bred Arab mare which gave no sign of her 

 noble origin : covered by a stallion of inferior breed, she pro- 

 duced a colt possessing a strong likeness to its maternal ancestors. 

 The contrary often takes place, and breeders often find instances 

 of the inferior type reappear after a long time in stock that has 

 been improved by crossing. Atavism presents itself in the silk- 

 worm, after more than a hundred generations. 



In man it is a common fact that certain affections, such as 

 rheumatism, and especially gout, pass from grandfather to grand- 

 son. In the portrait galleries of old families, and in the monu- 

 mental bronzes of the neighbouring churches, types of feature 

 are often seen which still are repeated from time to time in the 

 members of those families. 1 



It is common to find children with their father's or mother's 

 nose or mouth. The nose is, perhaps, of all the features of the 

 face, the one which is best preserved by heredity. The Bourbon 

 nose is well known. P. Lucas tells us that in the beginning of 

 this century Dr. Gregory, while visiting at a country house in 

 England, the residence of a lady of high family, was struck with 

 the resemblance between the nose of his hostess and that of the 

 Chancellor of Scotland in the reign of Charles I. He was, there- 

 fore, not surprised to learn that the lady was the great-grand- 

 daughter of that personage, who died two centuries before ; nor 

 is this all. As Dr. Gregory walked in the neighbourhood he 

 noticed the same form of nose in several labourers, and he 

 learned from the steward that these were also descended from 

 the Chancellor, but in illegitimate line. Moreover, the re-appear- 

 ance of features is so frequent an occurrence that it has become 

 a popular belief. Marryat has turned it to account in his novel, 

 Japhd in Search of a Father. 'From Dr. Parsons,' says 

 Quatrefages, 2 ' I borrow a case which is doubly interesting, as it 



1 Herbert Spencer, Principles of Biology, 83. 

 * Uniti de TEsplce Humaine, 



