Relations between the Physical and the Moral. 257 



come under the laws of mechanics, and the latter to those of 

 logic, and it can be shown that these two kinds of laws are iden- 

 tical, and that the inner experience apprehends as a logical 

 necessity what the outer experience perceives as a mechanical 

 necessity.' ' This,' says he, in another place, ' is what the analysis 

 of the process of sensation comes to, viz. that logical necessity and 

 mechanical necessity differ not in their essence, but simply accord- 

 ing to our way of regarding them. That which is given to us 

 by psychological analysis as a continuity of logical operations 

 (Schliisse\ is given us also by physiological analysis as a continuity 

 of mechanical effects (Kraflwirkungen). . . . Logic and mechan- 

 ism are identical ; they are both only the form of essentially the 

 same contents (gleichartigen Inhalt). 1 



CHAPTER II. 



THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL AND THE MORAL. 

 A PARTICULAR CASE. 



WE have just seen how the question of the general relations of 

 the physical and the moral presents itself in our day. We would 

 now pass from the theory to the facts, to consider a particular case, 

 to resolve a single question, one, however, of capital importance 

 for the matter in hand. The question is this : 



Must it be admitted that every psychological state, of whatever 

 kind, has always a physiological state for its antecedent ? 



The correlation of the physical and the moral is universally 

 admitted, but this belief, when examined, is very vague and very 

 inexact The general view, and, what is more serious still, many 

 philosophical treatises, seem to admit that this correlation holds 

 good only in the gross, so to speak, and that frequently the body 

 and the soul live each for itself. A few striking cases on either 

 side are considered, all the rest being cast in the shade and for- 

 gotten. But, in fact, the thing is quite otherwise. Facts tend to 



1 Menschen und Thuvsede, I2th lecture, p. 200, and 57th Lecture, p. 437. 



