58 LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



couraging a leader whether the tree be naturally a round or 

 conical-formed one; but this applies more especially to all 

 avenue trees, which should be kept growing most vigorously 

 at the centre. In Figs. 22 and 23 the dotted lines illustrate 

 where the cuts should be made. All ends of roots that are 

 cut oft' or injured in digging should be pared with a sharp 

 knife to facilitate the formation of new roots, and when 

 large branches are cut off the wounds should be painted 

 over with some waterproof covering, like shellac, grafting- 

 wax, or linseed-oil paint, to prevent decay. 



Evergreen trees are not generally pruned much at trans- 

 planting, but they will be benefited by some shortening in 

 of the end branches, cutting out all but one leader, and 

 removing any branches that are not needed to produce a 

 symmetrical form. 



Planting the Tree. 



No matter how well the soil may be prepared, how fresh 

 the trees may be when received, or how well they may have 

 been prepared for planting, if the work of planting is not 

 properly done, they may fail to grow at all or grow so 

 poorly as to give little satisfaction. 



Many failures in tree-planting result from the slovenly 

 and imperfect way in which the work is done, and the 

 nurserymen are too often blamed for the failures. 



In planting, the roots of all trees should have a fine 

 mellow bed of good soil, which should be pressed firmly 

 into contact with every fibre, leaving no air-spaces around 

 any of them, and every one should be spread out in a 

 natural position and so that no two shall touch each other. 

 Immediately in contact with these roots good soil should be 



