PARKS, PUBLIC SQUARES, SCHOOL-YARDS, ETC. 127 



the crowd in their rush or run for the goal. On larger 

 grounds where a liberal space can be assigned for the play- 

 ground decoration of greater or less extent with smaller 

 trees, shrubs, or plants may be attempted at points some 

 distance from the play-ground and in the angles where there 

 is no necessity or excuse for the pupils crossing the 

 grounds. 



It is always advisable to have the play-grounds and the 

 sanitary accommodation of the boys and girls separated, 

 especially in graded schools of the older pupils, which 

 necessitates a larger area of land and more extensive decora- 

 tion, and for a school of from 100 to 200 pupils not less 

 than 1 to 2 acres will provide adequate space. This large 

 extent of land is often difficult to obtain, but it will be 

 found one of the best investments that can be made for 

 our school-children, especially in thickly settled villages, 

 and where the buildings are located near stores, railroad 

 stations, etc. If the sanitaries are placed in the basement 

 of the school-building, as they should be and are in many 

 modern buildings, and the grounds are where they com- 

 mand full view from school doors or windows, the play- 

 grounds need not be separated more than by an occasional 

 group of small shrubs to distinctly mark the boundaries. 



Reading-rooms, gymnasia, and other sources of enter- 

 tainment and instruction provided for the pupils of our 

 public schools will be found to aid greatly in the moral, 

 physical, and intellectual training of our youth. Xeatuess 

 and comfort should prevail everywhere, that each pupil may 

 feel encouraged in very effort at self-control and good pur- 

 poses. Figs. 67, 68, and 69 illustrate how school-yards of 

 various forms may be divided into two separate yards and 

 the arrangement of the trees and shrubbery. The arrange- 



