140 LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



danger of striking passing teams the lateral ones may be 

 cut away entirely. 



SCARLET OAK (Quercus tinctoria, var. coccinia). Some- 

 what like the red oak in hahit of growth, but with thinner 

 and more deepy lobed leaves and producing more brilliant 

 colors in autumn. The oaks are rather slow and heavy in 

 growth, but when they become well established are especially 

 desirable on account of their long life, sturdiness, and 

 strength. They are difficult to transplant and can only be 

 moved with certainty of success by frequent transplanting in 

 the nursery. To prepare an oak standing in the field for 

 successful transplanting, a trench 10 inches to 1 foot wide 

 must be dug about the tree from 2 to 4 feet from the trunk, 

 according to size, and at least 2 feet deep. This trench 

 should be filled with good soil to encourage the development 

 of fine fibrous roots. In two years' time, if the work has 

 been well done, enough fibrous roots will be formed to 

 render transplanting safe. 



AMERICAN CHESTNUT (Castanea vesca, var. Americana). 

 This tree grows to the greatest perfection in many sec- 

 tions of the United States, and in soils where the elm, 

 maple, ash, and oak do not thrive. It is free from disease 

 and the attack of insects, rapid in growth, with a beautiful 

 dark green foliage, and its abundant flowers in July 

 make it an attractive feature of the landscape. Its fruit, 

 too, is valuable and might be made a source of some profit 

 if properly managed. Like the oak, it is difficult to trans- 

 plant, and it has the same tendency to branch low when 

 planted in full exposure, but these objections can be 

 remedied in the same manner as with the oak, and its broad- 

 spreading habit with proper treatment would make it a 

 close rival of the American elm. 



