174 LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 



shelter of the nursery until it is 3 or 4 inches in diameter 

 at the base, when, if it has been transplanted in the nursery 

 several times, it may be safely moved to the lawn, where it 

 will succeed better than in a rich border. The foliage is 

 large, dark bronze purple, growing somewhat lighter with 

 the advance of the season. 



COPPER-LEAVED BEECH (Fagus sylvatica, var. pur- 

 purea). No tree is more conspicuous on the lawn or in 

 groups than the purple or copper beech, and large numbers 

 of them are planted each year; yet we see very few speci- 

 mens more than a few years' old. The reason for this 

 undoubtedly is that they do not succeed in all soils and in 

 full exposure and that they are sometimes attacked by 

 borers which work in the trunk near the ground. The 

 varieties will grow only under the conditions of the common 

 types, requiring a deep moist soil, some shade or shelter 

 while young, and a cool northerly exposure. 



RIVERS' PURPLE BEECH (F. s., var. 2^urpurea River sii), 

 Fig. 89. This variety has more deeply cut and darker 

 leaves than the last, and may be preferred by many, though 

 both are extremely beautiful, and change about equally to 

 the bronze-green color as they mature. 



GOLDEN POPLAR (Populus Canadcnsis, var. aurea). 

 This is the most rapid growing of the golden-leaved trees, 

 and is of value planted in contrast with purple- and dark- 

 leaved varieties of trees. Like some of the other species of 

 poplars, it is short-lived and the leaves are often seriously 

 injured by rust in August, which causes defoliation before 

 the buds are matured. The treatment required to destroy 

 this rust is the same as for that described for the black 

 poplar. 



PURPLE-LEAVED PLUM (Primus pissardi). Were it not 



