ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS, VINES, AND HEDGE PLANTS. 221 



10 inches of the ground in the spring before growth 

 begins, when numerous new, strong shoots will come out 

 from the stubs and soon a new and well-formed hedge will 

 result. 



BUCKTHORN (Rhamnus catharticus). Somewhat re- 

 sembling the last in habit of growth, is hardy and tough, 

 and stands shearing well. 



COMMON BARBERRY (Berber is vulgaris). This may be 

 used as an ornamental hedge and when grown of large size 

 becomes protective. The more strong branches that can be 

 secured at the start of the hedge the better. Close prun- 

 ing will not give as good results with this species as the 

 more natural growth of the bush obtained by cutting out 

 here and there a cane to correct the form of each shrub and 

 to cause it to thicken up and branch low. 



PURPLE BARBERRY (B. v., var. purpurea). This was 

 fully described under "Ornamental Shrubs." Not quite so 

 vigorous as the last, nor does it make quite so fine a hedge, 

 though the purple foliage and the golden pendent blossoms 

 are very beautiful. 



FLOWERING HEDGES. Spiraeas, hydrangias, lilacs, roses, 

 and many other flowering shrubs may be used for hedges 

 and often very pleasing results be obtained. To make the 

 best show, they should be planted at sufficient distance to 

 give each plant full development, and they should be en- 

 couraged to make numerous branches at the base. The 

 different species of shrubs will require somewhat different 

 treatment as to pruning to produce the largest show of 

 blossoms. (See Pruning Hedges and Shrubs, pages 79 and 

 83.) They may be made of one kind, as the hydrangias, 

 lilacs, spiraeas, etc., or many species may be planted together. 

 The largest should be planted in the middle of the group 



