312 



INDEX 



132, 133, 134, 141, 154 ; 0. vulgatum, 



133 ; 0. pendulum, 133 ; Fig. 34. 

 Orchid, Orchidaceae, 183, 188, 192, 



194, 195, 190, 197, 198, 234, 254, 255, 



276, 277, Figs. 47, 57. 

 Orchis spectabilis, 254, Fig. 57. 

 Oregon, 239. 

 Organ, 8, 10, 20, 21. 

 Organic substances, 3, 35, 36, 66, 80. 

 Oscillaria, 17, 35, Fig. 5. 

 Osmunda, Osmundaceae, 134, 138, 



139; 0. cinnamomea, 134; O.rega- 



lis, 134. 

 Ostrich fern (Onoclea struthiopteris), 



126, 129, Figs. 32, 33. 

 Ovary, 161, 177, 178, 179, 181, 189, 



191, 194, 206, 210, 211, 213, 215, 



218. 

 Ovule, 28, 159, 160, 161, 163, 165, 170, 



177, 178, 179, 181, 184, 185, 188, 206, 



208, 227, 293. 

 Oxalis, 210, Fig. 51. 

 Oxydendrum, 213, Fig. 52. 

 Oxygen, 2, 8, 11, 19, 21, 24, 25, 30. 



Pacific North America, 233, 234, 237. 



Pacific South America, 237. 



Palaeo-botany, 13. 



Palseopteris, 223. 



Palaeozoic formations, 222, 223, 224, 

 226. 



Palmetto, 187, 238. 



Palms, 187, 197, 198, 228, 230, 234, 

 238, 268. 



Pandanus, Pandanaceae (see also 

 " Screw-pine "), 186, 198, 268. 



Pandorina, 41, Fig. 6= 



Papaveraceae (Poppy family), 209. 



Papilionaceae, 212. 



Pappus, 215. 



Paraphyses, 68. 



Parasites, 30, 80, 81, 82, 85, 88, 89, 90, 

 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 183, 201, 203, 205, 

 278, 279, 297; Algae, 85; animals, 

 88, 90; flowering plants, 99, 278, 

 279; Fungi, 81, 82, 84, 87, 88, 91, 

 95; Lichens, 97; nutrition of, 297- 



Parsley family (UmbeUif eras) , 211. 



Parthenogenesis, 75, 79, 83; Chara 

 crinita, 75; Red Algae, 75, 79; 

 Saproleguia, 83. 



Passiflora, Passiflorinae (see " Pas- 

 sion-flower "). 



Passion-flower, 212. 



Pea, 210, 212, Fig. 51. 



Pea family (see "Leguminosse," 

 "Papilionaceae"). 



Peach, 87. 



Pear, 182, 211. 



Peat-mosses (Sphagnaceae) , 63, 114, 

 115, Fig. 29. 



Pediastrum, 43, Fig. 7. 



Pelargonium, 250, 251, 252, Fig. 

 56. 



Penicillium (see also "Blue-mould"), 

 92. 



Pepper family (Piperineae) , 206, 208, 

 217, 229, 244. 



Perianth (see also " Floral enve- 

 lope"), 190, 191, 196, 206, 219, 245. 



Peridiueae, 65, 76, Fig. 15. 



Peridinium divergens, 65, Fig. 15. 



Peristome, 29, 118, 283. 



Perithecium, 92. 



Periwinkle (Vinca), 215. 



Permian formations, 166, 221, 226, 

 227. 



Persimmon family (Diospyriuae) , 

 214. 



Petal, 161, 177, 179, 185, 186, 202, 205, 

 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 218, 

 247. 



Petaloideous Angiosperms (Dicoty- 

 ledons) , 217 ; (Monocotyledons) , 

 190, 197. 



Petiole, 201. 



Petunia, 213, Fig. 52. 



Phseophyceae (Brown Algae), 49,64, 

 65, 66, 70, 78, 79, 263, 288; repro- 

 duction, 68, 288 ; structure, 67, 68, 

 69 ; Figs. 17, 18. 



Phalloideae, 242. 



Philodendron, 187. 



Phloem, 124. 



Phlox, 214, 238. 



Phosphorus, 2. 



