ON ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN GERMAN UNIVERSITIES. 243 



the superintendence of a number of older graduate mem- 

 bers (Fellows) of the College ; in other respects in the 

 style and habits of the well-to-do classes in England. 



The range and the method of the instruction is a 

 more highly developed gymnasial instruction ; though 

 in its limitation to what is afterwards required in the 

 examination, and in the minute study of the contents 

 of prescribed text-books, it is more like the Repeti- 

 toria which are here and there held in our Univer- 

 sities. The acquirements of the students are controlled 

 by searching examinations for academical degrees, in 

 which very special knowledge is required, though only 

 for limited regions. By such examinations the aca- 

 demical degrees are acquired. 



While the English Universities give but little for 

 the endowment of the positions of approved scientific 

 teachers, and do not logically apply even that little for 

 this object, they have another arrangement which is 

 apparently of great promise for scientific study, but 

 which has hitherto not effected much; that is the 

 institution of Fellowships. Those who have passed 

 the best examinations are elected as Fellows of their 

 college, where they have a home, and along with this, 

 a respectable income, so that they can devote the whole 

 of their leisure to scientific pursuits. Both Oxford and 

 Cambridge have each more than 500 such fellowships. 

 The Fellows may, but need not act as tutors for the 



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