ON ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN GERMAN UNIVERSITIES. 245 



way in which they handle their mother-tongue. I 

 fear that one of the weakest sides in the instruction 

 of German youth is in this direction. In the second 

 place the English Universities, like their schools, take 

 greater care of the bodily health of their students. 

 They live and work in airy, spacious buildings, sur- 

 rounded by lawns and groves of trees ; they find much 

 of their pleasure in games which excite a passionate 

 rivalry in the development of bodily energy and skill, 

 and which in this respect are far more efficacious 

 than our gymnastic and fencing exercises. It must 

 not be forgotten that the more young men are cut off 

 from fresh air and from the opportunity of vigorous 

 exercise, the more induced will they be to seek an 

 apparent refreshment in the misuse of tobacco and of 

 intoxicating drinks. It must also be admitted that 

 the English Universities accustom their students to 

 energetic and accurate work, and keep them up to 

 the habits of educated society. The moral effect of the 

 more rigorous control is said to be rather illusory. 



The Scotch Universities and some smaller English 

 foundations of more recent origin University College 

 and King's College in London, and Owens College in 

 Manchester are constituted more on the German and 

 Dutch model. 



The development of French Universities has been 

 quite different, and indeed almost in the opposite 



