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Botanical Name. Calcaraia, Latin, calcar, calcaris, a spur, in allusion 

 to the points on the back of the valves. Allan Cunningham was the first to 

 give the specific name (as Frenela) in his MS. Journal, under date 25th 

 -May, 1817. He was then in the Lachlan district with Oxley's expedition. 



Squama* of the strobile calcarated near the apex, which is longer than 

 1'. <il<i ncu, Arbuscula, 25 feet. 



Vernacular Names. Most commonly known as "Black Pine," but also as 

 - Ue<l Pin,.." 



The lied I'ine occurs on the ridges, where it is also called Mountain Pine. 

 It is generally stunted and does not produce timber of any commercial value. 

 It is also subject to dry-rot and doziness. (Forest Cadet H. Swain, Coota- 

 mundra-Grenfell district. ) 



The darker is called indiscrimately Red or Black Pine. (District Forester 

 Osborne, Cootamundra'. ) 



Leaves. Mr. Bauerlen informed me that the twigs of this tree are used in 

 northern Victoria and southern New South Wales for mixing with fodder, 

 to expel worms in horses. There is no reason to suppose that any merit 

 there may be in this remedy is not shared by all the other species. Borortia 

 rliomboidea is also put to a similar \ise. 



Fimit. The points or spurs on the fruits, while commonest in this species, 

 are also occasionally found on some other species, e.g., robusta. 



Timber. This species yields, perhaps, the handsomest timber of this class, 

 although not the most durable. It is beautifully mottled and striped with 

 black, white, and yellow; it is much used and valued for the interior lining 

 and roofing of houses, mantelpieces, skirting-boards, &c. Slabs of wood of 

 thi< tree were used by Sir Thomas Mitchell for sleepers when crossing the 

 Yarran Swamp. 



The timber is soft, easily worked, and durable.' I was shown a stable at. 

 Cooma. built of this ]>iue. which had been erected for .'50 years, and the timber 

 still appeared perfectly sound. It is also largely used as a top rail for stone 

 and wire fencing. The value of this timber in a country like the Monaro. 

 where timber suitable for any purpose but rough fencing and firewood is so 

 scarce, cannot be over-estimated. (Forester Benson, Bega. ) 



P. lack Cypress Pine grows on sandy and hilly country, and is iised for saw- 

 milling and fencing purposes. (District Forester A. Osborne, Forbes.) 



lied or Black Cypress Pine, called Black Pine, when growing on the low- 

 lands in conjunction with White Pine (rohuxtn). where it produces timber of 

 good quality, but heavier and penetrating odour than the latter. It is also 

 much darker, and (he grain is of a more streaky, parallel, or concentric design 

 of reddish and other brown colouring, gorgeous in effect. The annual rings 

 arc very fine. Its uses are the same as the White Pine, except that its more 

 streaky grain renders it a fit wood for ornamental fittings or cabinetmaking. 

 (Forest Cadet II. Swain. Cootamundra-drenfell.) 



As the timber is very little used in this neighbourhood, not much value is 

 placed upon it. It does not stand in the ground as well as the white variety. 

 and there are too many knots in it to make it useful for sawing or building. 

 (Forester Postlethwaite, Grenfell.) 



This tree does not grow nearly as large as the White Pine, is of a darker 

 colour, and is not much used, being more brittle and liable to split. The knots 

 are more numerous than in White Pine and have a great tendency to fall out 

 when the timber is seasoned. Builders will not use this pine at any time when 

 the white is available. (Forester Smith, Dubbo.) 



A distinguishing feature of this pine is the large quantity of resin which 

 gathers in the interstices of the bark; it shows a decided increase of girth at 

 the butt. Less durable than the other pines, being spongy, subject to dry-rot, 

 .and is in consequence little used. (District Forester Marriott, Dubbo.) 



