XLV] PKOTODAMMARA 251 



bundle divides into three. In the lower portion of the scale there 

 are seven resin-canals and above these is a band of transfusion- 

 tracheids surrounding and connecting the vascular bundles. In 

 median longitudinal section a scale shows a terminal spinous 

 process similar to that in the scales of Conites Juddi 1 (fig. 734) ; 

 on the adaxial side of this the scale is swollen and internal to the 

 swollen part is a small pit marking the position of the middle of 

 the three seeds. The upper surface of the scales is covered with 

 periderm and stone-cells occur in the ground- tissue. In anatomical 

 characters Protodammara resembles the scales of recent Arauca- 

 rineae more closely than those of any other Conifers, and in the 

 absence of a definite ligule and in the relation of the seeds to the 

 scale the fossil scales are similar to those of Agathis. In the 

 description of a Scotch Upper Jurassic cone, Conites Juddi, 

 attention is called to a close resemblance in anatomical features 

 to Protodammara. The American scales occur in association with 

 shoots of the type represented by Brachyphyllum macrocarpum 

 Newb. 2 (=B. oassum) (fig. 758, G), an association noted also in 

 other localities than Kreischerville. The structure of these shoots 

 is described under the genus Brachyphyttum*, but as regards the 

 scales the important point is that if this association means original 

 connexion, the habit of the parent-plant was wholly different 

 from that of any recent Agathis or Araucaria. Brachyphyllum 

 macrocarpum is regarded by Hollick and Jeffrey as certainly 

 Araucarian. Wood of the Araucarian type is also found in associa- 

 tion with the Protodammara scales and the Brachyphyllum shoots. 

 Considering the cone-scales by themselves, their position would 

 seem to be next to Agathis though they differ in bearing three 

 seeds in place of the single seed in the recent genus : the number 

 of seeds borne on the larger scales such as D. borealis is not known. 

 Protodammara affords an interesting illustration of the co-existence 

 of characters now characteristic of the Araucarineae with others 

 no longer exhibited by members of that family : assuming a con- 

 nexion between Brachyphyllum macrocarpum and the cone-scales, 

 the habit of the vegetative shoots furnishes a further illustration 

 of a wider range in the morphological features of fossil Conifers 

 allied to existing Araucarineae. 

 1 See page 252. ~ Hollick and Jeffrey (09) B. p. 33. 3 See page 322. 



