XL VI] CUNNINGHAMIOSTROBUS 331 



Menge 1 refer some detached leaves from the Baltic amber to 

 Taxodium distichum and a cone is referred to Taxodites Beckianus 

 but without any clear evidence of affinity to the recent genus. 

 Lingelsheim 2 records some wood from Tertiary rocks in Silesia 

 which he refers to Taxodium and at the same locality he found 

 masses of pollen some of which he assigns to that genus. Engel- 

 hardt and Kinkelin 3 describe cones of the Taxodium type as 

 Taxodium distichum var. pliocenicum from the Frankfurt basin. 

 Heer's species is also recorded from several other Tertiary 

 floras 4 and, despite tne fragmentary nature of the material, there 

 is good reason for regarding the evidence as an indication of the 

 widespread occurrence of a Conifer in Tertiary Europe closely 

 related to the Swamp Cypress of North America. The species is 

 stated to be abundant in Pleistocene beds in North America from 

 New Jersey to Maryland, Virginia and elsewhere on the eastern 

 side of the continent 5 ; it is represented by deciduous twigs, cones, 

 seeds, stumps, and knees 6 : its occurrence points to the existence 

 of Cypress swamps over a wide area, also to the migration of the 

 existing species towards the south. 



CUNNINGHAMIOSTROBUS. Stopes and Fujii. 



, Cunninghamiostrobus yubariensis Stopes and Fujii. This genus 

 is founded on a single detached cone from Upper Cretaceous rocks 

 at Hokkaido in Japan 7 which in size and form agrees with cones of 

 Cunninghamia, and the anatomical features of the cone-scales 

 support this comparison. The cone, 2 x 3 cm., is intermediate in 

 size between those of Cunninghamia sinensis (cf. fig. 684, K) and 

 C. Konishii', the scales being more like those of C. sinensis; they 

 are 9 10 mm. across and characterised by the presence of a 

 median pad of tissue projecting slightly from the upper surface 

 presumably close to the attachment of the ovules, but no ovules 

 or seeds were found and the open habit of the cone indicates that 

 the seeds had been shed at the time of f ossilisation : three pro- 



1 Goeppert and Menge (83) A. PI. xvi. figs. 227229. 

 - Lingelsheim (08) p. 34. 



3 Engelhardt and Kinkelin (08) PL xxm. figs. 1921. 



4 Squinabol (92) PL xvi.; Berry (09) p. 22, fig. 1. 



5 Berry (07 2 ); (09 2 ); (12 4 ); (15). Ibid. (09 2 ), figs. 1, 2. 

 7 Stopes and Fujii (10) p. 45. PL v. figs. 2734. 



