436 



FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. 



emargination at either the dermal or osseous sutures. The posterior part of the margin of the poste- 

 rior marginals is very convex or flared upward, descending at or behind the osseous suture. Thus the 



free edge has an undulating 

 form. The caudal marginal 

 bone is recurved, not prom- 

 inent, and with a regular 

 entire free margin. Its lat- 

 eral sutures expand forward, 

 so that its margin is narrower 

 than its anterior portion. It 

 is not divided by a dermal 



FIG. 57 i.~Testu<lo undata. Pygal and hinder peripherals of the type. suture > consistently with its 

 X 1. Above the pygal is a section of the tenth peripheral. f nerlc character. The sur- 



faces of the bones are nearly 



smooth. The scutal sutures are wide, and have distinctly-defined borders. The marginal near the bridge 

 is remarkably massive, the bridgeward suture being twice as thick as that joining the free marginal. 

 The size of the Testudo undata is as great as that of any of the species of land-tortoises of our 

 Tertiary formations. 



MEASUREMENTS. 



Meter. 

 Length of the free margin of three consecutive posterior marginal bones. . . . 0.310 



Length of the last marginal bone 122 



Width of the last marginal bone 135 



Thickness at the middle 017 



Thickness of the bridgeward suture of a lateral marginal .040 



Thickness of the opposite suture of the same .015 



Fragments of other specimens, probably of this species, present still larger proportions. 



As compared with the two described species of Stylemys, this species differs in the strong flaring 

 and recurvature of its marginal bone, and is the more wedge-shaped caudal marginal bone, as well 

 as its much larger size. 



To Cope's description may be added the following: The thickness of the anterior sutural 

 border of the eighth peripheral, where it joined the seventh, is 38 mm. The border which 

 joined the ninth peripheral is 22 mm. thick. The eleventh peripheral is 122 mm. along the 

 free border; and was about 70 mm. along the upper border. Its greatest thickness is 23 mm. 

 The intermarginal sulci descend on low broad elevations of the surface and these elevations 

 are more pronounct as the free border of the peripheral is approacht. 



Testudo klettiana Cope. 



Fig- 574' 



Testudo klettiana, COPE, Ann. Kept. Chief Engineers, 1874 (875), p. 995 (of separata, p. 75); Wheeler's 

 Rept. on Surv. W. looth Merid., iv, 1877, p. 285, plate Ixvii, fig. 3. HAY, Bibliog. and Cat. Foss. 

 Vert. N. A., 1902, p. 451. 



This species was described from a specimen found by Professor Cope in the Loup Fork 

 Miocene of New Mexico. The type consisted of a pygal bone (fig. 574). This is now in the 



U. S. National Museum at Washington. Its catalog number 

 is 2126. Cope's description is as follows: 



Indicated especially by a caudal bone of a tortoise of larger 

 size than the one regarded as typical of the T. undata. It is, of 

 course, probable that some of the fragments above described with- 

 out especial reference belong to it. The caudal bone differs from 

 that of T . undata in being nearly plane, and thus wanting the recur- 

 vature or superior concavity of the corresponding bone of that 

 species. Its form is also quite different. Its lateral sutures are 

 nearly parallel, instead of divergent anteriorly, and slightly concave; 

 if a little expanded proximally, it contracts again to the suture for 

 the pygal bone. The suture is a short squamosal on the outside of 

 the caudal. The thickness of the bone is almost uniform to near 

 the proximal suture; there an abrupt rabbet commences the plane 

 of the thinner pygal. 



FlG. 574. Testudo klettiana. Pygal 

 forming the type. X J. 



