TESTUDINIDj<E. 



447 



Considerable portions of the carapace of this specimen are preserved; but they are in a 

 fragmentary condition. The costals are crost by conspicuous ridges and grooves. 



Cope's "No. 2," No. 1323 of the American Museum, presents an imperfect carapace 

 (plate 19, fig. 7), most of the lateral and all of the hinder border being gone. Cope states that 

 the axial length was 330 mm.; but it is certain that it was in life considerably longer. Cope 

 describes the carapace as being flattened, hut this appearance is undoubtedly due to the bad 

 state of the specimen. The front outline is truncate, with the nuchal and peripheral bones flared 

 considerably upward. The sutures between the various neurals and costals are not well shown. 

 The nuchal scute is said by Cope to be 4 mm. long, but this appears to be a misprint for 40 mm. 

 Its width anteriorly is 17 mm.; posteriorly, 24 mm. The second and third marginal scutes are 

 67 mm. wide fore and aft. The first vertebral scute is 1 10 mm. wide in front and 77 mm. wide 

 behind. The second and the third are 1 10 mm. wide across the middle, and this width is about 

 that of the costal scutes. On the hinder portion of the first vertebral scute area is a conspicuous 

 boss, from which a ridge continues forward some distance. On each of the other vertebral 



FIGS. 604-606. Testudo orthopygia. Carapace and dermal ossicles. X i- 



604. Patch of dermal armor near the tail, showing a bony spur. 

 605. Plan of carapace, constructed from various specimens in A. M. N. H. 606. Ilium. 



areas there is a depression, horseshoe-shaped, with the opening forward. The costal bones are 

 grooved and ridged parallel with the borders of the carapace. 



Cope's "No. 3" is evidently the specimen now bearing the American Museum's number 

 1324, and furnishes the hinder half of the carapace. It is a smaller specimen than the one 

 described above, the width of the carapace at the inguinal notches being only 250 mm. The 

 hinder border is rounded, most of the peripherals are somewhat flared upward at the border, 

 and the free edges are acute. The fifth vertebral scute is 33 mm. wide in front, 100 mm. behind 

 and 62 mm. long in the midline. All of the costal scute areas and that of the fifth vertebral 

 are sculptured with grooves and ridges which run parallel with the border of the carapace. 



After a study of all the materials at hand the writer has concluded that the specimens 

 called cyclopygia are merely the young and half-grown individuals of T. orthopygia. The 

 grooving of the carapace may be observed on some of the costals of specimens that must be 

 referred to orthopygia. The width of the pectoral scutes varies in different examples and prob- 

 ably becomes relatively greater in the older individuals. The same remark may be made 

 regarding the notch in the rear of the plastron. The anterior lip of the plastron is likewise 

 variable, but within what limits it is hard to say. The usual form in the larger individuals, some 



