LIST OF PLATES 



FRONTISPIECE. Jack-in-the-pulpit, a typical shade-plant, with large, 



thin leaves. 



Facing page 



PLATE I. Sand-dunes with sea rye grass. Deep-rooted, with exten- 

 sively running rootstocks 76 



PLATE II. Pollarded willows, showing growth of slender twigs from 



adventitious buds 128 



PLATE III. Japanese ivy, a tendril-climber growing on face of a 

 building, showing leaves all exposed to sunlight at the most 

 advantageous angle 140 



PLATE IV. Cypress swamp, showing " Spanish moss " (Tillandsia), 

 a phanerogamic epiphyte practically leafless, the work ordinarily 

 done by leaves devolving on the slender stems. The cypress 

 trees are furnished with " knees " or projections from the roots, 

 which are thought by some to absorb air . . . . .158 



PLATE V. Indian pipe, a saprophytic seed-plant, wholly destitute 



of chlorophyll and with scales instead of foliage leaves . . 168 



PLATE VI. Fan palms, showing general habit of the tree, and large 

 projecting bases of old petioles left after the decay of the leaves 176 



PLATE VII. A tree yucca in the Mohave Desert, a characteristic 



xerophytic tree. Other sparse desert vegetation is also shown . 316 



PLATE VIII. Belt of trees along a Nebraskan river, showing depend- 

 ence of forest on water supply ....... 334 



PLATE IX. Cottonwood. Tree largely overgrown with American 

 mistletoe, near Mesilla, New Mexico. The photograph was taken 

 in winter, when the tree was leafless, so that all the foliage shown 

 is that of the mistletoe 336 



PLATE X. Humming-bird visiting flowers of the trumpet creeper. 

 This is one of the best North American examples of a flower 

 mainly pollinated by birds 362 



PLATE XI. Asters and golden-rods, Composite, illustrating the 

 principle of grouping many small flowers into heads (and in 

 the golden-rod the heads into rather close clusters) to facilitate 

 the visits of insects . . 372 



