134 



FOUNDATIONS OF BOTANY 



142. The Maple Leaf. Sketch the leafy twig. 

 Are the leaves arranged in rows like those of the elm? How are 

 they arranged? 



How are the petioles distorted from their natural positions to 

 bring the proper surface of the leaf upward toward the light? 



Do the edges of these leaves show larger spaces between them 

 than the elm. leaves did, i.e., would a spray of maple intercept the 

 sunlight more or less perfectly than a spray of 

 elm ? Pull off a single leaf and sketch its lower 

 surface, about natural size. 



Of the two main parts whose names have 

 already been learned (blade and petiole), which 

 is more developed in the maple than in the 

 elm leaf? 

 Describe : 



(a) The shape of the maple leaf as a whole. 

 To settle this, place the leaf on paper, mark the 

 positions of the extreme points and connect 

 these by a smooth line. 



Z> Its outline as to main divisions : of what 



FIG. 96. Pinnately 



Divided Leaf of 



Celandine. 

 The blade of the leaf is kind and how many. 



discontinuous, con- ( c ) The detailed 



sisting of several por- x-p- ng\ 



outline of the margin 



tions between which 

 are spaces in which 

 one part of the blade 

 has been developed. 



Compare the mode of veining or venation of 

 the elm and the maple leaf by making a 

 diagram of each. 

 These leaves agree in being netted-veined ; i.e., in having veinlets 

 that join each other at many angles, so as to form a sort of delicate 

 lace-work, like Figs. 94 and 95. 



They differ, however, in the arrangement of the principal veins. Such 



a leaf as that of the elm is said to be feather-veined, orpinnately veined. 



The maple leaf, or any leaf with closely similar venation, is said to 



be palmately veined. Describe the difference between the two plans 



of venation. 



143. Relation of Venation to Shape of Leaves. As soon 

 as the student begins to observe leaves somewhat widely, 



